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The ancient pyramids of Egypt
 Pyramid of Khafra

Pyramid in the Mayan Pyramid of the Moon

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Sydney Opera House, designed by Ove Arup & Partners,
Millennium Dome in London, UK, by Buro Happold
2D mesh for the image above (mesh is
denser around the object of interest)

2D FEM solution for a magnetostatic

configuration
 Engineering Problem

Choose a Solution Method

Classical Numerical Experimental

Assumptions, Approximations,
Simplifications

Continuous Numerical Models

Differential Equations

Analytical Method Numerical Method

(Exact) (Approximate)

Numerical Integration &

FEM
Finite Differentiation
A piecewise linear function in two dimensions
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Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical
crash using finite element analysis.
 Physical Problem

Mathematical Model Governed by Differential Equations.

L(Φ) + f =0
Assumption: Geometry, Kinematics, Materials Laws,
Loading & Boundary Condition

Finite Element Solution

A set of Simultaneous Algebraic Equations
[K] {u} = {f}
Element Type, Displacement Function, Discrtize behavior on each
element, assemble all the elements, solve system of Equations

Assessment of Accuracy of finite element

solution of mathematical model

Interpretation of
Results Refine Analysis

Design Improvements/
Optimization
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