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Envi Group 5
Envi Group 5
URBANISATION
SUBMITTED TO :- Mr. SHIVAKUMAR B P
Submitted by group-5
1. Uttam
2. Darshan M K
3. Yashavanthagowda Y D
4. Ranjithkumar A
5. D Pradeepakumara
6. Ramesh angadi
7. Kerlang star
8. Mark
9. Kumar rathod
URBANISATON
Urbanisation is the physical growth of urban areas which result in rural
migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very
large ones.
In cities, where there is less vegetation and exposed soil, the majority of the
sun’s energy is absorbed by urban structures and asphalt.
Vehicles and factories release additional city heat, as do industrial and domestic
heating and cooling units.
URBAN
ECOLOGY
Urban Ecology is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each
Other and their surroundings in context of the proposed urban environment.
Land is also allocated for agriculture to sustain the growing population of the city.
Modification can come in the form of dams, artificial canals, and even the reversal
Of rivers.
Urban areas in natural desert settings often bring in water to maintain human
Population and will likely have effects on the local desert climate.
When the fertilizer chemicals from agricultural runoff reach the ocean,
an algal bloom results, then rapidly dies off.
The dead algae biomass is decomposed by bacteria that also consume large quantities
of oxygen, which they obtain from the water, creating a ‘dead zone’ without oxygen
for fish or other organisms.
For example - the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico .
Just as pollutants and alterations in the biogeochemical cycle alter river and ocean
ecosystems, they exert likewise effects in the air.
Smog stems from the accumulation of chemicals and pollution and often manifests
in urban settings, which has a great impact on local plants and animals.
IMPACT ON
CLIMATE
Urban environments and outlying areas have been found to exhibit unique
local temperatures, precipitation, and other characteristic activity due to a
variety of factors such as pollution and altered geochemical cycles.
or Oasis Effect,
Acid Rain.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND/ OASIS
EFFECT
The urban heat island is a phenomenon in which central regions of urban
centres exhibit higher mean temperatures than surrounding urban areas.
The reflecting power of a surface, and the increased surface area of buildings
to absorb solar radiation.
Concrete, cement, and metal surfaces in urban areas tend to absorb heat
energy rather than reflect it, contributing to higher urban temperatures.
Other greenhouse gases include water vapour, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
Increases in greenhouse gases due to urban transport, construction,
industry and other demands have been correlated strongly with increase in
temperature.