UTILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL

PLANT
FELIX ARIE SETIAWAN, S.T., M.Eng.
 Purpose

To learn, study, and understand the principle of utility unit

processing also the waste treatment unit and to calculate
the demand of water, air, and energy
What did you learn?

Topic
•Water
•Air 15 35
20
•Energy
•Waste Treatment 30

Unit
Water Air Energy Waste
 Availability Demands
01

04 02

03 Calculation
Design

What was your process?

 Importance Relevance Significance

• Utility is a highly • Every plants has • Every process

importance in Utility processing engineer should
Industrial Plant, unit has expertise in
without utility, this area
• Reason :
the main process
Supporting unit
can not be
and government
conducted
regulation
• Design of Utility
processing unit
should comply
the necessity by
the industrial
plant
ASSESSMENT SCHEME

HOMEWORKS MIDTERM EXAM FINAL EXAM

25% 35% 40%

NEGOTIABLE?
NOPE FOR THIS TIME
 WATER

• Every process in industrial plant

needs water for processing,
household, office supplies, and
hydrant system.
• Water demands:
oWater for processing unit
oBoiler Feed Water
oHousehold/Office
oCooling water
oHydrant
WATER

Water Water
Resources Handling Specification
Specification Requirements

Sea, River, Select suitable Water for

Swamp, Lake equipment processing unit
(Surface water) Boiler Feed Water
Household/Office
Cooling water
Hydrant
 Water Resources Specification (Source: EPA 62-302)

CLASS I Potable Water Supplies

CLASS II Shellfish Propagation or Harvesting
CLASS III Fish Consumption; Recreation,
Propagation and Maintenance of a
Healthy, Well-Balanced Population of
Fish and Wildlife

CLASS III-Limited Fish Consumption; Recreation or

Limited Recreation; and/or
Propagation and Maintenance of a
Limited Population of Fish and Wildlife
CLASS IV Agricultural Water Supplies
CLASS V Navigation, Utility and Industrial Use
 Boiler Feed Water

(Source: ASME)
Water For Processing Unit

IT RELIES
ON THE
INDUSTRIAL
SECTOR

MOSTLY
USED AS
SOLVENT
 WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Physical Treatment Chemical Treatment Biological Treatment

Processes Processes Processes
• Coagulation-
• Filter flocculation • Bacteria
• Oil trap • Flotation • Enzyme
• Membrane • Ion-Exchange
• Sedimentation • Dechlorination
• Aeration
• Disinfection
• Reverse Osmosis
WASTE WATER TREATMENT EXAMPLES

PAGE: 325
Filter
Source: U.S. Filter/Envirex.
(a)Traveling water-intake
screen.
(b)Mechanically cleaned
bar screen for
wastewater treatment.

Opening around 1–3 in.

Medium screen 5/8 – 1 ¾ in.
Fine screen 1/32 in.
OIL TRAP
Membrane

Although membrane
filtration for
particulate removal is
a physical unit process,
membranes are also
used to remove
dissolved constituents
from water in
desalination and
softening processes.
Membrane
Operation:
0.8 mm and 1.2 mm
10–50 gpm
Backwash :
Every 15–90 min for 30–60
sec at 35 psi
Chemical backwash:
1-2 times for 1–10 min.
 MEASUREMENT OF WATER FLOW

Q = flow, cfs
0.5 C = discharge coefficient, 0.90–0.98
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 A2 = cross-sectional area of throat, ft2
𝑄 = 𝐶𝐴2 2𝑔
𝜌𝑤 g = acceleration of gravity, ft/s2
P 1 - P2 = differential pressure, lb/ft2
w = specific weight of water, lb/ft3
 MEASUREMENT OF WATER FLOW

𝑄 + 𝑈 + 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝑉 𝑖𝑛 = 𝑊 + 𝑈 + 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑈 + 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝑉 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑

𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝑉 1 = 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝑉 2

𝑚𝑔𝑧1 𝑚𝑉12 𝑚𝑔𝑧2 𝑚𝑉22

+ + 𝑃1 𝑉1 = + + 𝑃2 𝑉2
𝑔𝑐 2𝑔𝑐 𝑔𝑐 2𝑔𝑐
𝑉12 𝑔𝑐 𝑉22 𝑔𝑐
𝑧1 + + 𝑃1 + 𝐻𝑝 = 𝑧2 + + 𝑃2 + 𝐻𝑓
2𝑔 𝜌𝑤 𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑤 𝑔
𝑉22 − 𝑉12 𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑔𝑐
𝐻𝑝 = 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 + + + 𝐻𝑓
2𝑔 𝜌𝑤 𝑔
MEASUREMENT OF WATER FLOW

2 2
𝑉2 − 𝑉1 𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑔𝑐
−𝑤𝑠 = 𝐻𝑝 = 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 + + + 𝐻𝑓
2𝑔 𝜌𝑤 𝑔
−𝑤𝑠 . 𝑄. 𝜌𝑤 . 1.1
𝑤𝑝 =
550. 
Water is pumped with P=0.5 atm, efficiency 0.8, from
the river with the velocity of 3 ft/s and pipe diameter 40
inch. The density of water is 62.428 lb/ft3.
10 m 200 m 3m

Calculate the power needed for the operation

Flocculation-Coagulation-Sedimentation