Signals and Systems

Types of Signals
There are two types of Signals:
• Continuous Time Signal  CTS

• Discrete Time Signal  DTS

Example of CTS
Example of DTS
Explanation for x[n] in DTS
Representation of DTS
Addition and Multiplication of CTS
 We start from RHS

Step by Step Addition 1) At t=2

It can also be written as 1 < 𝑡 ≤ 2
𝑥1 𝑡 = 0
𝑥2 𝑡 = 2
𝑥3 𝑡 = 𝑥1 𝑡 + 𝑥2 𝑡
𝑥3 𝑡 =2
2) At 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 1, 𝑥3 𝑡 = 3
3) At −1 < 𝑡 ≤ 0, 𝑥3 𝑡 =3
4) At −2 < 𝑡 ≤ −1, 𝑥3 𝑡 =2
5) At −3 < 𝑡 ≤ −2, 𝑥3 𝑡 =2
 In order to do so, we need to multiply the
amplitudes of x1(t) and x2(t).
Multiplication of CTS 1) At 1 < 𝑡 ≤ 2
𝑥1 𝑡 = −1
𝑥2 𝑡 = 2
𝑥3 𝑡 = 𝑥1 𝑡 𝑋 𝑥2 𝑡
𝑥3 𝑡 =-2
2) At 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 1, 𝑥3 𝑡 = 2
3) At −1 < 𝑡 ≤ 0, 𝑥3 𝑡 =-2
4) At −2 < 𝑡 ≤ −1, 𝑥3 𝑡 =-1
5) At −3 < 𝑡 ≤ −2, 𝑥3 𝑡 = 0
Addition of DTS
Multiplication of DTS
Timing Scaling
Two cases of Time Scaling

Example

So for Case 1, when α>1, it is also called as Time Compression

Short Cut Method
There are two steps:
1) Amplitude remain same
𝛼𝑡
2) Divide
𝛼
You will understand it better when we study the next case
Case of Time expansion
Amplitude Scaling
Two cases of Amplitude Scaling
Shifting  Time Shifting
LEFT SHIFTING
Amplitude Shifting