It’s a small world after all

How is the world governed even in the

absence of a world government in order
to produce norms, codes of conduct and
regulatory, surveillance and compliance
instruments?

How are values allocated quasi-

authoritatively for the world and
accepted as such, without a government
to rule the world?
 No state can be confident of
being protected against the
predatory instincts of a powerful
neighbor or global giant, and no
group of people can feel free from
fear and want because the United
Nations exist and because of what
it does.
 The United Nations has
moved from the simple and
traditional operations of
classical, consent-based
missions to the more
challenging peace operations
in situations of complex
humanitarian emergencies.
The vitality and survival
of international
organizations depend on
two factors: the capacity
to change and adapt and
the quality of their
governance.
 Whatever contemporary issue
is of greatest concern- be it climate
change, mass atrocities, pandemics,
terrorism, or weapons of mass
destruction- multidisciplinary
perspectives, efforts, across sectors
with the firm central direction and
inspired leadership are required.
 The United Nations is
not a nascent world
government, but it has and
can continue to contribute to
improving global
governance.
 GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE,
THE IDEA
 One way to think of
‘governance’ is as
purposeful systems of
rules or norms that ensure
order beyond what occurs
‘naturally’.
 AN
UNFINISHED
JOURNEY
 The story of Global
Governance remains an
unfinished journey
because we are struggling
to find our way and are
nowhere near finding a
satisfactory destination.
 Beginning with Dante’s Monarchia at the
beginning of 14th Century, there is a long
tradition of criticizing the existing empires
and then state system and replacing it with
a universal movement. (Mazower, 2012)
Harold Jacobson noted a fitting image for
the older view of world government in the
tapestries in the Palais des Nations in
Geneva- the headquarter of the League of
Nations and now the UN’s European
office.
 Alexander Wendt
(2003) suggests that
‘a world state is
inevitable’.
Global Governance reflects
the realization that states and
state centric institutions do
not have the capacity to
address the challenges that
render borders ever more
porous.
 Even without a world
government, there is much
room for more initiatives
from governments and groups
in power, better incentives
and initiatives from
secretariats and civil society.
GLOBALIZATION
 The primary dimension of
globalization concerns the expansion
of economic activities across state
borders; the growing volume and
variety of cross-border flows of
finance, investments, goods and
services, ideas, information, legal
systems, organizations and people, the
rapid and widespread diffusion of
technology and cultural exchange.
 Many argue that
globalization has been
occurring since the earliest
trade expeditions.
 Yet others suggest that the
current era of globalization
is unique in the rapidity of
its spread and the intensity
of the interactions in real
time.
 A few clarifications are required.
1st: Even in this globalizing era, the
movement of people remains
restricted and strictly regulated and in
the aftermath of 9/11, even more so.
2nd: Economic interdependence is
highly asymmetrical: the benefits of
linking and the cost of delinking are
not equally distributed among
partners.
3rd: compared to the post-war period,
the average annual rate of world
growth, has steadily slowed during
the age of globalization.
4th: the long before the Occupy Wall
street movement, there was a growing
divergence, not convergence, in
income levels between countries and
peoples with widening inequality
among and within nations.
 5th: globalization has also
unleashed many ‘uncivil
society’ forces like
international terrorism,
drugs, people and gun
trafficking and elicit money
flows.
AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
What happened in the 19th Century?
• International Institutions are made.
• Inis Claude in his book ‘Swords into Plowshares’
identified 3 major development;
1. Concert System of multilateral, political
gatherings such as the Congress of Vienna.
2. The Hague System- whose goal was a
universal membership conference system.
3. Public International Union- examples are
International Telecommunication Union and the
Universal Postal Union.
Q V S N O I T A N D E T I N U
A N N M M F G J N L A G R U I
L L S F H J K L O Q G J K N V
E N G J K A Q Y I D G J K A F
X D S G H C E N T U R Y Q G Q
A C J S A N L N A D G H K N L
N V V M R S A J Z A S D F U A
D B A U F W L U I Z X C V T K
E N 0 N G E K Y L B N M L A J
R J D H A R H T A A Q W R L Y
W M F P Q T G G B Y U I O A T
E H G O C D F A O D F J K B T
N M H L F H U D L Q J J L A F
D J J K V G I F G A A F G C S
T O G J G C V B L Q U I O M Z
1
2
3

4
 HIV/AIDS
MANAGING HIV/AIDS IS TRANSMITTED
KNOWLEDGE THROUGH UNPROTECTED
SEXUAL ACTIVITY.
DEVELOPING
NORMS

FORMULATING
RECOMMENDATI
ONS
INSTITUTIONALI
ZING IDEAS
1
2
3

4
•Standard of proper or
acceptable behavior
 HIV/AIDS
MANAGING HIV/aids is transmitted through
KNOWLEDGE unprotected sexual activity.
DEVELOPING The norm of safe sex follows.
NORMS

FORMULATING
RECOMMENDATI
ONS
INSTITUTIONALI
ZING IDEAS
1
2
3

4
 A simple but effective way to
illustrate the process of
formulating recommendations is
to take a topic at the heart of the
global governance, namely civil
society.
 HIV/AIDS
MANAGING HIV/aids is transmitted through
KNOWLEDGE unprotected sexual activity.
DEVELOPING The norm of safe sex follows
NORMS

FORMULATING UN policy promote awareness about causes of HIV/aids,

encourage educational campaign, reject HIV-positive
RECOMMENDATI
personnel and declare zero tolerance of sexual
ONS exploitation.
INSTITUTIONALI
ZING IDEAS
1
2
3

4
 Once knowledge has been
acquired, norms articulated and
policies formulated, an existing
institution can oversee their
implementation and monitoring.
 In U.N.’s history, every
problem has several institutions
working on significant aspect of
solutions.
 If institutions are effective,
they can also have recursive
effects. They can fill gaps but
also uncover new ones.
 HIV/AIDS
MANAGING HIV/aids is transmitted through
KNOWLEDGE unprotected sexual activity.
DEVELOPING The norm of safe sex follows
NORMS

FORMULATING UN policy promote awareness about causes of HIV/aids,

encourage educational campaign, reject HIV-positive
RECOMMENDATI
personnel and declare zero tolerance of sexual
ONS exploitation.
INSTITUTIONALI • 1993 Resolution by the WHO’s World Health
ZING IDEAS Assembly
• 1996 establishment of the Joint UN Program on
HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
 2 Important Features that distinguish
Global Governance from earlier United
Nations thinking about responses to
international peace and security, human
rights and development.

1.) Many viewed international

cooperation and law as more
effective than isolated efforts
and the law of the jungle.
 Eradicating malaria within a
geographic area is different
from halting terrorist money
laundering which Kofi Annan
called “problems without
passports”.
“Problems without Passport”
- problems which are
transnational and global.

Problems without Passport

needs “Solution without
Passports”.
 2 Important Features that distinguish
Global Governance from earlier United
Nations thinking about responses to
international peace and security, human
rights and development.
2.) Earlier UN thinking emphasized
state-centric notions.
-But in 1980’s non-state actors
were recognized and became an integral
part of comprehensive solutions.
2.) Earlier UN thinking emphasized
state-centric notions.
But in 1980’s non-state actors were
recognized and became an integral part
of comprehensive solutions.
1. Where is the
headquarter of
the League of
Nations?
 2. Kung dati
headquarter of the
League of Nations
siya, Ano na sya
ngayon?
3. The story of
(___________)
remains an
unfinished
journey.
4-6.) Give the 5 main
gaps that the UN
meets in identifying
and diagnosing a
problem.
7-10.) Give the 4
roles of UN in
identifying and
diagnosing a
problem.