Adders and Subtractors

Half Subtractor
• Subtracting a single-bit binary value Y from another binary value X (I.e. X
-Y ) produces a difference bit D and a borrow out bit B-out.
• This operation is called half subtraction and the circuit to realize it is
called a half subtractor.
Half Subtractor Truth Table: D(X,Y) = S (1,2)
Inputs Outputs D = X’Y + XY’
D = XY
X Y D B-out
0 0 0 0 B-out(X, Y) = S (1)
B-out = X’Y
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0 X Difference
D
Y
X Half D
Y Subtractor B-OUT B-out
 Full Subtractor
A full subtractor is a combinational circuit that
performs subtraction of two bits, one is minuend and
other is subtrahend, taking into account borrow of
the previous adjacent lower minuend bit. This
circuit has three inputs and two outputs. The three
inputs A, B and Bin, denote the minuend,
subtrahend, and previous borrow, respectively. The
two outputs, D and Bout represent the difference
and output borrow, respectively.
Full Subtractor
Full Subtractor
Full Subtractor
Full Subtractor-Logic diagram