STRATEGI, METODE

DAN MEDIA
PROMOSI KESEHATAN

Komang Ayu Kartika Sari

Declaration of Alma-Ata
 Joint meeting in 1978 between The WHO and
UNICEF was held at Alma-Ata, in the Soviet
Union.
 Adopted PHC as the principal mechanism of
health care delivery
 Aim: “Health for all by the year 2000”
 Health in seen as a fundamental human right
 Individuals and communities need to be
actively involved in the planning and
implementation of health care.
Declaration of Alma-Ata…continued

 Health promotion is an essential health

component for a better quality of life
 Should use socially acceptable

methods and technology

 Affordable cost for the community and

country
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH
The Ottawa Charter of Health
Promotion

 Health promotion combines health

education and specific interventions
 Adopted at an international conference in
Ottawa, Canada, in 1986.
 Five health promotion strategies:
 Building healthy public policy

 Creating supportive environments

 Strengthening community actions

 Developing personal skills

 Reorienting health services

Intervention Level of
Health Promotion
 Individual
 “Pair” /Couples
 Family
 Group of people
 Government
 Legislature
Precede-Proceed Model
Metode dan Strategi
 Metode (teoritikal) adalah teknik atau
proses untuk memperngaruhi perubahan
determinan perilaku dan lingkungan.
 Strategi (praktis) adalah teknik spesifik
untuk menerapkan suatu metode
dengan cara yang sesuai untuk populasi
target serta konteks dimana intervensi
akan dilakukan.
Metode dan Strategi……Lanjutan

 Metode dan strategi membentuk suatu

rantai berkelanjutan dari konsep abstrak
suatu metode menjadi suatu program yang
teroganisir melalui suatu strategi praktis.
 Contoh:
Training keterampilan → metode

 Pedoman/instruksi langkah-

langkah melalui video → strategi

 Modeling → metode

 Demonstrasi → strategi
Fokus pada Individu
 Kenyataannya sering berupa upaya pencegahan
sekunder pada pasien
 Contoh:
 Konseling remaja, konseling pasangan

 Edukasi pasien

 Health education shopfronts

 Identifikasi faktor risiko (misal: status nutrisi,

analisis berat badan)

 Penggunaan media berupa material edukasi

individu
Fokus pada Kelompok
 Didactic methods:
 Seminar
 Konferensi
 Ceramah

 Experiential approaches:
 Diskusi kelompok kecil

 Skills training

 Simulasi

 Role play
Fokus pada Populasi
 Social Marketing
 Mass media methods (Iklan, edutainment, website dan
media informasi interaktif)
 Pendekatan komunitas (capacity building, community
development, coomunity organisation)

Peran media dalam kampanye promosi kesehatan:

 Perubahan perilaku individu

 Perubahan situasi sosialpolitik: advokasi

Tujuan penggunaan media:

 Informational

 Motivational/persuasif

 Advokasi
Terima Kasih