CCNA 1 v3.

1 Module 1
Introduction to Networking

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Objectives
Understand the physical connections needed for a computer to
connect to the Internet

Recognize the components of a computer

Install and troubleshoot NICs and modems

Configure the set of protocols needed for Internet connection

Use basic procedures to test an Internet connection

Use Web browsers and plug-ins

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REQUIREMENTS FOR INTERNET CONNECTION

Physical Connection

Logical Connection

Applications

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 Physical connection

• A physical connection is made by connecting an

adapter card, such as a modem or a NIC, from a
PC to a network.

• The physical connection is used to transfer

signals between PCs within the local-area
network (LAN) and to remote devices on the
Internet.

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 Logical connection

• The logical connection uses standards called

protocols.

• A protocol is a formal description of a set of

rules and conventions that govern how devices
on a network communicate.

• The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is the primary set of
protocols used on the Internet

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 Application

• Applications, or software programs, that

interpret and display data in an understandable
form.

• Applications work with protocols to send and

receive data across the Internet.

• A Web browser displays HTML as a Web page.

Examples: Internet Explorer and Netscape

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PC BASICS

Transistor

Integrated circuit Motherboard

Resistor , Capacitor Bus

Connector RAM , ROM

Light emitting diode (LED) System unit

Printed circuit board (PCB) Expansion slot

Central processing unit (CPU) Power supply

Floppy disk drive , Hard disk drive

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Backplane components :

Backplane

Network interface card (NIC)

Video card

Audio card

Parallel port

Serial port

Mouse port

USB port

Firewire

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NIC

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Important Considerations in the selection of a NIC

• Protocols – Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI

• Types of media – Twisted-pair, coaxial,

wireless, or fiber-optic

• Type of system bus – PCI or ISA

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Situations that require NIC installation include the following:

• Installation of a NIC on a PC that does not already have one

• Replacement of a malfunctioning or damaged NIC

• Upgrade from a 10-Mbps NIC to a 10/100/1000-Mbps NIC

• Change to a different type of NIC, such as wireless

• Installation of a secondary, or backup, NIC for network security

reasons

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Internet Connectivity

Provided by :
NIC
MODEM

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NIC and Modem Installation

< PCMCIA MODEM

External MODEM >

< USB NIC

Internal NIC >

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PCMCIA NIC card

Wired & Wireless

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High-Speed and Dialup Connectivity

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TCP/IP Description and Configuration

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Testing Connectivity with Ping

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How PING works :

• By sending special (IP) packets, called

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Echo Request datagrams, to a specified
destination.

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Use of PING command

• To test the NIC transmit and receive

function,
• The TCP/IP configuration,
• Network connectivity.

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List of PING commands
• ping 127.0.0.1 – This is an internal loopback test. It is used to
verify the TCP/IP network configuration.
•
• ping IP address of host computer – A ping to a host PC verifies
the TCP/IP address configuration for the local host and
connectivity to the host.

• ping default-gateway IP address – A ping to the default

gateway indicates if the router that connects the local network to
other networks can be reached.

• ping remote destination IP address – A ping to a remote

destination verifies connectivity to a remote host.

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Web browser performs the following functions:

• Contacts a Web server

• Requests information
• Receives information
• Displays the results on the screen

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Two of the most popular Web browsers are:

• Netscape Communicator
• Internet Explorer (IE)

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Web Browser and Plug-Ins

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Plug-in applications

Applications work with the browser to launch the

programs required to view special files:

• Flash – Plays multimedia files created by

Macromedia Flash
• Quicktime – Plays video files created by Apple
• Real Player – Plays audio files

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Troubleshooting Internet Connections

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ASCII code & Binary Number System

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Bits and Bytes

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Base 10 Numbers

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Base 2 (Binary) Numbers

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Converting Decimal numbers to 8-bit Binary
Numbers

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Converting 8-bit Binary Numbers to Decimal
Numbers

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Four-Octet Dotted-decimal Representation of 32-
Bit Binary Numbers

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Hexadecimal

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Boolean or Binary Logic

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IP Addresses and Network Masks

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Summary

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