CHAPTER 8

EXERGY
Lecture # 7
Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiency

thermal efficiency and the coefficient of

performance for devices are defined on the basis
of the first law only, and they are sometimes
referred to as the first-law efficiencies. The first
law efficiency, however, makes no reference to
the best possible performance, and thus it may
be misleading.
first-law efficiency alone is not a realistic measure of performance of
engineering devices. To overcome this deficiency, we define a second-law
efficiency

ratio of the actual thermal efficiency to the

maximum possible (reversible) thermal efficiency
under the same conditions

engine A is converting 60 percent of the available work

potential to useful work.
This ratio is only 43 percent for engine B.
Assuming that the system operates at
steady state and there is no work.
The closed system energy and exergy rate
balances reduces to:

Energy
Balance

Exergy
Balance
exergy utilization improving as the use temperature Tu
approaches the source temperature Ts
Example
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 6 MPa, 600C, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50
kPa, 100C, and 140 m/s. The surroundings to the turbine are at 25C,100 kPa. If
the power output of the turbine is 5MW, determine
(a)the power potential of the steam at its inlet conditions, in MW.
(b) the reversible power, in MW.
(c)the second law efficiency.

Assume steady-flow and neglect changes in potential energy.

Two options for generating hot water at steady state. In (a), water
heating is achieved by utilizing industrial waste heat supplied at a
temperature of 500 K. In (b), water heating is achieved by an electrical
resistor. For each case, devise and evaluate an exergetic efficiency.
Compare the calculated efficiency values and comment. Stray heat
transfer and the effects of motion and gravity are negligible. Let T0 =
20℃, P0 = 1 bar.
Problems:

8-28, 29, 30, , 33, 42, 45, 49, 50, 58,

63, 73, 77, 83,
Quiz # 2 & Assignment # 1
Monday 16/9/2018. at 6:00 PM.