ARCH 553

HOUSING
Tuesday 9:00 to 12:00 nn (AR 5D)
Wednesday 9:00 to 12:00 nn (AR 5C)
Room: LR02
Instructor:
Ar. Cherry Rose Acebedo UAP
Course Description
 Socio-Cultural and Institutional Challenges for Effective
Delivery of Housing in the Philippines.

Course Objectives
 At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
1. Understand the basic issues relative to housing and its
effective delivery.
2. Acquire a more rational basis for housing design
3. Familiarize the relevant laws and codes pertaining to
housing delivery.
Course Program
 A. Introduction to Housing
1. Housing and the Delivery Process
2. Physical Configurations as Outcome of Socio-Economic System.
 B. Philippine Perspective on Housing
1. Current Housing needs, demand & supply.
 C. Cultural Belief in Housing: Regional Characteristics
 D. Housing Typologies
 E. Theories on Housing
 F. Comprehensive Approach to Housing
1. Behavioral Aspects Of Housing
2. Economic & Social Challenges Of Housing
3. Organizational & Institutional Challengers For Effective Housing Delivery
System
4. Community Development Aspect Of Housing.
Course Program
 G. Market Analysis & Housing Finance
 H. Technological Issues in Mass Housing (Housing Technology)
 I. Housing Beyond the Shelter
 J. The Evolution of Philippine Housing Policy & Institution
 K. Current Issues & Future Trends in Housing.

Course Requirements & Grading System

Requirements Options Grade Percentage Share
Mid-Term & Final Examination 50%
Quizzes, Oral Examination, Reports 30%
Case Study, Research Works 15%
Attendance 5%
TOTAL 100%
Class Rules
 Attendance is important, if you are absent please provide an excuses
letter sign by your parents or guardians.
 Strictly not more than 3 absences are allowed. Beyond that I will not
accept you my class.
 You have 10-minute allowance before the start of the subject. Beyond
that students will not be allowed to enter the room and will be
considered absent.
 Deadlines are fixed for your Research and Activities. Additional 0.5 score
will be added on the Total grade.
 Do not use sliding folders. Kindly fasten your work properly and use White
folders.
INTRODUCTION TO
HOUSING
 I. Housing and the Delivery Process

HOUSING

 or more generally living spaces,[1] refers to the construction and assigned

usage of houses or buildings collectively, for the purpose
of sheltering people.

 Different housing situations vary for individuals and may depend on age,
family, and geographic location.

References
1. Ranasinghe ,WC and Hemakumara, GPTS(2018), Spatial modelling of the householders' perception and assessment of the potentiality to improve the
urban green coverage in residential areas: A case study from Issadeen Town Matara, Sri Lanka, Ruhuna Journal of Science,Vol 9(1);
http://rjs.ruh.ac.lk/index.php/rjs/article/view/174
 The world is facing a global housing crisis. In cities around the
world, almost 1 billion people live in substandard housing without
clean water or adequate sanitation.
 More than 14 million refugees and internally displaced people
live in tents or other temporary shelters. Millions of homeless men,
women, and children live in the streets and other cities.
 And the problem is getting worse: Every week more than a million
people are born in or move to cities in the developing world,
driving up the need for new and better housing.
 Housing is a key input in economic, social, and civic SOCIOECONOMIC
development. As summarized in the figure on the next page, DEVELOPMENT:
many housing-related activities contribute directly to is the process of
SOCIAL and ECONOMIC
achieving broader Socioeconomic Development goals.
DEVELOPMENT in a
 Housing investment is a major driver of economic growth. society. It is measured
Better data permits more precise estimates in developed with indicators, such as
countries, but the same overall effect is true in developing GDP, life expectancy,
countries. literacy and levels of
employment
 Lending for housing helps develop primary and secondary
financial markets. Worldwide and especially in low-income
countries, housing construction creates job opportunities for
migrants to cities. Legalization of informal settlements and
registration of housing and other real property helps “unlock”
fixed capital for productive investment and builds local
property tax bases.
 ECONOMIC SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
GOALS GOALS

CIVIC DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Activity 01
 1. In Tacloban City how would you describe the Housing Projects
of the Government?
 2. What are the factors that affect the Housing Projects in
Tacloban City?
 3. If you are given the chance to create a Housing Project, what
are your steps towards building a habitable and sustainable
environment?
Housing in the Philippines
 “Characterized by the emergence of a continuing demand for
affordable housing units in response to increasing population and
household size, both in urban an rural areas.”

Housing Problems / Social Issues

 Two basic problems being faced by the government in realizing a
successful housing program are:
1. Money
2. Availability of Land
Other issues hampering pro-poor land
and housing programs:
 High transaction costs due to the confusing and unclear land use
policies.
 Non-cooperation of land owners to engage in the Community
Mortgage Program (CMP)
 Misinterpretation and/or non-implementation of local government units
(LGUs)

 Other problems pertaining to housing is the provision of land and

housing to internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to natural hazards and
armed conflicts.
Informal Housing
 The magnitude of the housing need (defined as backlog plus
new households) is staggering and has been estimated to reach
more than 3.7 million in 2010. In Metro Manila alone, the total
backlog (to include new households) has been projected to
reach close to 500,000 units. Addressing this backlog will roughly
require about 3,000 hectares of land if designed to
accommodate detached housing units, a prospect that suggests
the need for a higher density housing strategy if the housing
deficit is to be effectively addressed. Beyond the provision of
housing by the public sector, new approaches are needed
especially since rural-urban migration is expected to continue
and will exacerbate the housing problem.
Homeless
 In cities of industrial countries, the numbers of homeless people
have increased and their existence has become a social
problem since the 1980s. In cities of developing countries, the
numbers of street homeless who cannot live even in squatter
areas have increased since the end of the 1990s. These people
face serious problems in surviving on the streets. They are an
urban minority deprived of human rights and excluded from
society. However, the problem of the street homeless has not yet
been constructed as a social problem in developing countries
because it is overwhelmed by the larger scale squatter problem.
The street homeless have been regarded as a part of the
squatter homeless.
II. Physical Configurations as
Outcome of Socio-Economic System.
 Housing provides shelter, obviously, but it also serves other needs in
developing countries. Housing is a location for business and provides
other intangible emotional and cultural benefits.
 As in the developed world, housing activities in developing countries
have economic benefits beyond the housing sector.

 Socioeconomics (also known as social economics) is the social science

that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped
by social processes. In general it analyzes how societies progress,
stagnate, or regress because of their local or regional economy, or the
global economy.
BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 220
WHAT IS BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 220?

 An act authorizing the ministry of human settlements to

establish and promulgate different levels of standards
and technical requirements for economic and
socialized housing projects in urban and rural areas
from those provided under presidential decrees
numbered nine hundred fifty-seven, twelve hundred
sixteen, ten hundred ninety-six and eleven hundred
eighty-five
 SECTION 1. It is hereby declared a policy of the Government to
promote and encourage the development of economic and
socialized housing projects, primarily by the private sector, in
order to make available adequate economic and socialized
housing units for average and low-income earners in urban and
rural areas.

 SECTION 2. As used in this Act, economic and socialized housing

refers to housing units which are within the affordability level of
the average and low-income earners which is thirty percent
(30%) of the gross family income as determined by the National
Economic and Development Authority from time to time. It shall
also refer to the government-initiated sites and services
development and construction of economic and socialized
housing projects in depressed areas.
SECTION 3. To carry out the foregoing policy, the Ministry of Human
Settlements is authorized to establish and promulgate different levels of
standards and technical requirements for the development of economic
and socialized housing projects and economic and socialized housing units
in urban and rural areas from those provided in
 Presidential Decree Numbered Nine hundred fifty-seven, otherwise
known as the "Subdivision and Condominium Buyers' Protective
Decree,"
 Presidential Decree Numbered Twelve hundred and sixteen,
"Defining Open Space in Residential Subdivision";
 Presidential Decree Numbered Ten Hundred and ninety-six, otherwise
known as the "National Building Code of the Philippines"
 Presidential Decree Numbered Eleven hundred and eighty-five,
otherwise known as the "Fire Code of the Philippines"
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, in consultation with
the Ministry of Public Works and Highways, the Integrated National Police,
and other appropriate government units and instrumentalities and private
associations.
 SECTION 4. The standards and technical requirements to be established
under Section three hereof shall provide for environmental ecology,
hygiene and cleanliness, physical, cultural and spiritual development
and public safety and may vary in each region, province or city
depending on the availability of indigenous materials for building
construction and other relevant factors.
 SECTION 5. The different levels of standards and technical requirements
that shall be established and promulgated by the Ministry of Human
Settlements only after public hearing and shall be published in two
newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines for at least once a
week for two consecutive weeks and shall take effect thirty days after
the last publication.
 SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
 Government Agencies Involved in Housing and Urban Development
Programs

 HUDCC – Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

HUDCC was created through Executive Order no. 90. It is the highest
policy-making and coordinating office on shelter programs.

 HGC – Home Guarantee Corporation (formerly Home Insurance

Guarantee Corporation)
HGC mobilizes all necessary resources to broaden the capital base for the
effective delivery of housing and other related services, primarily for the
low-income earners through a viable system of credit insurance, mortgage
guarantee, and securities.
 HLURB – Housing & Land Use Regulatory Board (formerly Human
Settlement Regulatory Commission)
HLURB is the sole regulatory for housing and land development. It
ensures rational land use for the equitable distribution and
enjoyment of development benefits. It is charged with encouraging
greater private sector participation in low-cost housing through
liberalization of development standards, simplification of regulations,
and decentralization of approvals for permits and licenses. It
extends comprehensive and productive planning assistance to
provinces, cities, and municipalities toward the formulation of
Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs). The HLURB is a national
government agency tasked as the planning, regulatory and quasi-
judicial body for land use development and real estate and housing
regulation. These roles are done via a triad of strategies namely,
policy development, planning and regulation.
 NHA – National Housing Authority
The National Housing Authority is the sole government agency engaged in
direct shelter production focused on providing housing assistance to the
lowest 30% of urban income-earners through slum upgrading, squatter
relocation, development of sites and services, and construction of core
housing units. In addition, it undertakes programs for the improvement of
blighted urban areas and provides technical assistance for private
developers undertaking low-cost housing projects.

 NHMFC – National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation

The National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation is the major
government home mortgage institution. Its initial main function is to a
viable home mortgage market, utilizing long-term funds principally provided
by the Social Security System, the Government Service Insurance System,
and the Home Development mutual Fund to purchase mortgages
originated by both public and private institutions that are within
government-approved guidelines. It is also charged with the development
of a system that will attract private institutional funds into long-term housing
mortgages.
 HDMF – Home Development Mutual Fund (more commonly known as the
Pag-Ibig Fund)
The Development Mutual Fund focuses on the administration of a
nationwide provident fund for the government’s housing program, and
formulates other investment strategies relative to housing as well as improve
its collection efficiency.
Other Government Agencies Responsible for Housing Projects:

BIR – Bureau of Internal Revenue

BLISS – Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services

BSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water Management

CHR – Commission for Human Rights

DA – Department of Agriculture

DAP – Development Academy of the Philippines

DAR – Department of Agrarian Reform

DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DILG – Department of Interior and Local Government

DOE – Department of Education

DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development

EMB – Environment Management Bureau

LGU – Local Government Units

LMB – Land Management Bureau

NAMRIA – National Mapping and Resource Information Authority

NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority

NSO – National Statistics Office

PCUP – Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor

 Laws Regarding Housing and Urban Development:

 Republic Act 9266 - "The New Architecture Law”

 Republic Act 7279 - "Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992"
 Republic Act 9161 - "Rental Reform Act of 2002"
Presidential Decree 1267 - "Creating a National Home Mortgage Finance
Corporation (NHMFC)"
Presidential Decree 1752 - "Amending the Act Creating the Home
Development Mutual Fund (HDMF)"
Presidential Decree 757 - "An Act Creating the National Housing Authority
(NHA)"
 Presidential Decree 933 - "An Act Creating the Human Settlement
Commission (HSC)"
 Presidential Decree 1216 – “Law Defining ‘Open Space’ in Residential
Subdivision” (Amendment to PD957)
 Presidential Decree 1396 - "Human Settlement Regulatory Commission”
(Amendment to PD933)
 Republic Act 7835 - "Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter Financing Act of
1994”
 Presidential Decree 957 -"Subdivision and Condominium Buyer’s Protective
Decree”
 Republic Act 4726 - "Condominium Law”
 Batas Pambansa bilang 220 - "Standards for Socialized and Economic
Housing”
 Republic Act 8763 - "Creating the Home Guarantee Corporation” (renaming
the HIGC)
 Presidential Decree 772 - "Anti Squatting Law”
 Republic Act 8368 - "An Act Decriminalizing Squatting”
 Republic Act 6657 – “Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law”
 Republic Act 7160 – “Local Government Code”
 Act 496 – “Land Registration Act” (Amended by RA 440)
 Executive Order no. 90 – “Designating HLURB as the regulatory body for
housing and land development under the Housing and Urban Development
Coordinating Council”
 Executive Order no. 419 – “Created the Task Force for Human Settlement
(TFHS)”
 Executive Order no. 648 – “Reorganizing the Human Settlements Regulatory
Commission”