DARK ENERGY

AND DARK
MATTER
 and were the first two to argue
that there is more to typical galaxies than meets the eye:

2
 The flatness of the curve indicates that there is more
matter present outside the luminous core of the galaxy.
Quantitative estimates, based by now on a bewildering
variety of independent probes, indicate that there is five
times more of this “dark matter” than there is stuff we
know about.
 The cosmological constant is
the value of the energy density of
the vacuum of space.

 It was originally introduced

by Albert Einstein as an addition
to his theory of general
relativity to achieve a static
universe.
 String theory is a theoretical
framework in which the point-like
particles of particle physics are
replaced by one-dimensional objects
called strings.

 It describes how these strings

propagate through space and
interact with each other.
 DARK ENERGY
By definition, dark
energy is a form of
invisible energy
postulated to act in
opposition to gravity
and causing the
universe expansion to
accelerate.
TYPE 1a’s supernovae
•They occur when a white dwarf
increases in mass to about 1.4 times
the mass of the sun i.e when
pressure overcomes gravity.

• Knowing this mass and measuring

how bright they appear through
telescopes, we calculate the
distance between us and them.

•This distance is compared to the

distance calculated by supernovae
redshift to know how fast the
Universe is expanding.
 RESULTS!
Time and again supernovae were fainter than expected.
This concluded that supernovae were farther away than
expected and this meant that the expansion of Universe is
accelerating.
The cause for such thing is still not exactly known
but it looks like an energy suffusing space, pushing
on the expansion.
As this energy is invisible, we call it “DARK ENERGY”
Estimated distribution of matter and energy in
the universe
THANK YOU!
Made by-

Shruti Taparwal – 07901012017

Disha Goyal – 09801012017
Niyati Malik – 10101012017
Vidhi Kishor – 14501012017