FOSSIL FUELS

COAL
SUBMITTED TO
DR. SHIVANI MAM
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 COAL
2 USES OF COAL
3 COMPOSITION OF COAL
4 CARBONIZATION OFCOAL
5 COAL GAS
6 PRODUCER GAS
7 WATER GAS-COMPOSITION AND USES
 What is Coal?

Coal- formed from partially

decomposed vegetation, which is
turned into solid brittle rock when it is
compressed over a long period of
time.
TYPES OF COAL & COMP.
BRIEF HISTORY OF COAL
Formation of Coal

It takes millions of years for coal to form. Millions of years ago,

there were places on the earth with dense forests in wetlands,
due to natural calamities such as flooding, tsunami, landslide, etc
these forests got buried under the soil. Over the years, more
and more soil compiled over these forests. Oxidation protected
these trees from biodegradation, usually by mud or acidic water.
This traps the carbon that was buried in the sediments.
Carbonization takes place, carbonization is a process where
vegetation turns into carbon. It is a slow process.
 USES OF COAL
Coal has various purposes, the following are the uses of coal :
•Thermal coal is used to produce electricity.
•Coking coal is used in the production of steel.
•Coal is also used to make silicon metal which is used to produce
silicones and silanes, which are in turn used to make lubricants,
water repellents, resins, cosmetics, hair shampoos, and toothpaste.
•Activated charcoal is used to make face packs and cosmetics.
•Carbon fibre is made from coal. Carbon fibre is an extremely strong
but lightweight reinforcement material used in construction, mountain
bikes, and tennis rackets.
•Activated carbon is used in filters for water and air purification and in
kidney dialysis machines. Coal is used to make activated carbon.
•Paper manufacturers use coal to make paper.
•Coal helps to create alumina refineries.
•Thousands of different products have coal or coal by-products as
components: soap, aspirins, solvents, dyes, plastics, and fibres, such
as rayon and nylon.
Carbonization – The
decomposition of plants releasing
gases which change the chemical
composition of the plants leaving
only carbon and hydrogen.
Uses of Water Gas
Water gas used in the synthesis of some industrial
processes:
•To remove carbon dioxide from fuel cells.
•Reacted with producer gas to make fuel gas.
•It is used to obtain pure hydrogen.