Matter

Matter

 Takes up Space

 Can be Touched

 Has Mass

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Matter
Properties

Physical
Physical properties can be measure without
changing the basic identity of the substance
Chemical
Chemical properties describe how
substances react or change to form different
substances
Physical Properties
 State or Phase
 Melting and freezing point
 Texture
 Color
 Shiny/dull
 Hardness
 Flexibility
 Ductile
Physical Properties of Elements

Some physical properties of

copper are:

Color Red-orange
Luster Very shiny
Melting point 1083°C
Boiling point 2567°C
Conduction
of electricity Excellent
Conduction
of heat Excellent
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Chemical Properties
 Now matter starts changing it’s
composition
Pure Substances

A pure substance is classified as

 Matter with a specific composition.
 An element when composed of one type of atom.
 A compound when composed of two or more
elements combined in a definite ratio.

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 Classification of Matter
Elements
• If a pure substance cannot be decomposed into
something else, then the substance is an element.
• There are 114 elements known.
• Each element is given a unique chemical symbol
(one or two letters).
• Elements are building blocks of matter.
• The earth’s crust consists of 5 main elements.
• The human body consists mostly of 3 main
elements.
Classification of Matter
Elements
Symbols of Elements

A symbol
 Represents the name of an element.
 Consists of 1 or 2 letters.
 Starts with a capital letter.

Examples:
1-Letter Symbols 2-Letter Symbols
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Al aluminum
O oxygen Mg magnesium
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Symbols from Latin Names
Some symbols are derived from Latin names as shown
below:

Cu, copper (cuprum) Au, gold (aurum)

Fe, iron (ferrum) Ag, silver (argentum)

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 Classification of Matter

Compounds
• Most elements interact to form compounds.
• Example, H2O
• The proportions of elements in compounds are the
same irrespective of how the compound was
formed.
• Law of Constant Composition (or Law of Definite
Proportions):
– The composition of a pure compound is always
the same.
Compounds

Compounds
 Contain two or more elements
in a definite ratio.
Salt (NaCl)
Table sugar (C12H22O11)
Water (H2O)

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Elements in a Compound
“Table salt” is
a compound
that contains
the elements
sodium and
chlorine.

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Mixtures
A mixture is matter that consists of
 Two or more substances that are physically mixed,
not chemically combined.
 Two or more substances in different proportions.
 Substances that can be separated by physical
methods.

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 Classification of Matter
Mixtures
• Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform
throughout.
• Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout.
• Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.
Separation of Mixtures
 Properties of Matter
Separation of Mixtures
• Mixtures can be separated if their physical
properties are different.
• Solids can be separated from liquids by means of
filtration.
• The solid is collected in filter paper, and the solution,
called the filtrate, passes through the filter paper and
is collected in a flask.
Learning Check

Identify each of the following as a pure substance or

a mixture.

A. pasta and tomato sauce

B. aluminum foil

C. helium

D. air

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Solution

Identify each of the following as a pure substance or

a mixture.

A. pasta and tomato sauce mixture

B. aluminum foil pure substance

C. helium pure substance

D. air mixture

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Learning Check

Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or

heterogeneous mixture:

A. hot fudge sundae

B. shampoo

C. sugar water

D. peach pie

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Solution

Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or

heterogeneous mixture:

A. hot fudge sundae heterogeneous mixture

B. shampoo homogeneous mixture

C. sugar water homogeneous mixture

D. peach pie heterogeneous mixture

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