Venturi Meter

By: D.S.SAHOTA
 Bernoulli and his Principal of Airflow

Within
Within any
any confined
confined system,
system, total
total energy
energy
remains
remains constant.
constant. IfIf one
one component
component of of energy
energy
increases,
increases, there
there must
must be be aa corresponding
corresponding
decrease
decrease in
in other
other components.
components.

Total
Total pressure
pressure within
within the
the confined
confined system
system is
is
the
the summation
summation of
of static
static and
and dynamic
dynamic pressure
pressure
 Bernoulli’s Equation

1 2
P  v  gy  constant
2

Physical content:
the sum of the pressure, kinetic energy per unit volume, and
the potential energy per unit volume has the same value at all
points along a streamline
Bernoulli’s Equation
 Question
 Given: Velocity in outlet pipe from reservoir is 6 m/s
and h = 15 m.
 Find: Pressure at A.
 Solution: Bernoulli equation Point 1

p1 V12 pA V A2
 z1    zA 
 2g  2g
0 0 p V2
h  A 0 A
 2g  2g Point A
V A2 18
p A   (h  )  9810(15  )
2g 9.81
p A  129.2 kPa
 STATIC PRESSURE

Static pressure: It is defined as the force per unit

area acting on the wall by a fluid at rest or flowing
parallel to the wall in a pipe line. Static pressure of
a moving fluid is measured with an instrument
which is at rest relative to the fluid. The instrument
should theoretically move with the same speed as
that of the fluid particle itself. As it is not possible
to move a pressure transducer along in a flowing
fluid, static pressure is measured by inserting a
tube into the flow path.
 DYNAMIC PRESSURE

It is due to the flow speed and is also known

as the velocity or impact pressure.

Dynamic pressure = V2/2g

STATIC PRESSURE & DYNAMIC PRESSURE
 Venturi Meter
This device consists of a conical contraction, a short cylindrical throat and a
conical expansion. The fluid is accelerated by being passed through the
converging cone. The velocity at the “throat” is assumed to be constant and an
average velocity is used. The venturi tube is a reliable flow measuring device that
causes little pressure drop. It is used widely particularly for large liquid and gas
flows.

2( P1  P2 )
V2  C
 [1 - (A 2 / A1 ) 2 ]
 Venturi Tube
The volume of air passing any given point per unit of
time is equal throughout the tube.
This is known as MASS FLOW RATE
Slow velocity of air with As air velocity increases,
equal
equal static
static and
and static pressure decreases,
dynamic
dynamic pressures
pressures dynamic pressure increases
Venturi Meter
 ADVANTAGES OF VENTURI TUBE
•The pressure loss with the Venturi pipe is lower than that
orifice plate.

•Occupies more space compared to the orifice plate. Well

suited for use in larger diameter pipes.

•It has to be bought and installed as a total unit

•It is costlier

•Is used in situations where the pressure loss across the

meter is to be kept low.
 Example: Venturi Meter
A very large pipe
carries water with a
very slow velocity and
empties into a small
pipe with a high
velocity. If P2 is 7000
Pa lower than P1, what
is the velocity of the
water in the small
pipe?
 Solution
Given: P = 7000 Pa, = 1000 kg/m3
Find: v
Basic formula

1 2
P  gh  v  constant
2
1 2
P1  P2  v
2
2P
v 
2
v = 3.74 m/s

 Example a
Water drains out of the bottom of a cooler at
3 m/s, what is the depth of the water above
the valve? b

Solution
Basic formula

1 2 Compare water at top(a) of

P  gh  v  constant cooler with water leaving
2 valve(b).
1 2 1 2
Pa  gha  va  Pb  ghb  vb
2 2
v2
h = 45.9 cm
2g
Venturi Meter
Venturi Meter
Venturi Meter
Venturi Meter
Venturi Meter
Venturi Meter
Questions?
Questions?