Grammar Week 3:

Sentence Structures
 Sentence Structures
4 Types of - Simple
Sentences - Compound
- Complex
- Compound-Complex
 Sentence Structures
Simple Sentence - Contains one
independent clause

- One main idea;

compound subjects are
OK
 Examples of Simple Sentences

She caught the ball near the goal line.

We waited for the bus in the unbearable heat.

Cellphones and headphones should both be

put away during class.
Write your own simple sentence describing
this picture.
 Sentence Structures
Compound - Contains two or more
Sentence independent clauses
joined by a:

- Coordinator or
Semicolon
 Sentence Structures
Examples of - For
Coordinators - And
- Nor
- But
- Or
- Yet
- So
 Examples of Compound Sentences
They studied for an hour and they ate dinner
around nine.
The store was closed, so he drove around
to kill time.
Max and Gregor arrived before nine, but it was
still too late to enter the show.

The house is finally ready to be sold; it was in

repair for a year.
Write your own compound sentence describing
this picture.
 Pengertian Compound Sentence

Compound sentence adalah sentence type (tipe

kalimat) yang terdiri dari dua atau
lebih independent clause. Pada compound
sentence, pikiran pada dua atau lebih independent
clause tersebut dihubungkan dengan tingkat
kepentingan yang setara.
Tipe kalimat yang lain yaitu:
simple sentence
complex sentence
compound-complex sentence
Conjunction dan Tanda Baca pada Compound
Sentence
Untuk menghubungkan dua atau lebih independent
clause di dalam compound sentence, dapat
digunakan coordinate conjunction, semicolon (titik
koma), dan conjunctive adverb (adverbial conjunction).
Walaupun dihubungkan
oleh conjunction atau semicolon, masing-
masing independent clause tersebut sesungguhnya
dapat berdiri sendiri.
Coordinate Conjunction
Coordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan yaitu:
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
Comma (koma) sering digunakan tepat sebelum kata
hubung ini.
Contoh Kalimat Compound Sentence dengan
Coordinate Conjunction:

1.I like my job and boss, but I’m not paid enough.
(Saya suka pekerjaan dan atasan saya, tapi saya tidak
digaji memadai.)
2.Vina and Amel wake up at 5:00 am, and they go to
school at 6:30 am.
(Vina dan Amel bangun jam 5 dan mereka pergi ke
sekolah jam setengah 7.)Kadang-kadang coordinate

conjunction tidak mampu menunjukkan hubungan yang

cukup spesifik/logis dari klausa-klausa yang masing-
masing dapat berdiri sendiri tersebut,
khususnya conjunction “and”.
Need more
Practice?
 Practice
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
1. Mr. Morton ran for office in 2012.

2. I got in trouble so I can't go to the party, but it would

have been fun.

3. The drummers played a long time, yet the piano

players stopped early.

4. The big brown dog ran after the yellow and red ball.

5. Many brave soldiers fought in the war, and they

received medals.
 Review
1. Independent Clause

2. Dependent Clause

3. Simple Sentence

4. Compound Sentence
 Sentence Structures
Complex Sentence - One independent clause
joined with a dependent
clause
Sentence Structures
- Dependent clause starts
with a subordinator:

since, because, before,

after, although, when,
until, while, etc.
Examples of Complex Sentences

After saying goodbye to everyone,

Brian got into the taxi and went to
the airport.
Examples of Complex Sentences

After saying goodbye to everyone,

Brian got into the taxi and went to
the airport.
Independent Clause
Examples of Complex Sentences

Dependent Clause

After saying goodbye to everyone,

Brian got into the taxi and went to
the airport.
 Examples of Complex Sentences

Dependent Clause

After saying goodbye to everyone,

Brian got into the taxi and went to
the airport.

Subordinator
Examples of Complex Sentences

They censored the movie because

they didn’t want to offend anyone.
Examples of Complex Sentences
Independent Clause

They censored the movie because

they didn’t want to offend anyone.
Examples of Complex Sentences

They censored the movie because

they didn’t want to offend anyone.

Dependent Clause
Subordinator
Examples of Complex Sentences

Since it was an Early Release Day,

we went to Long Wong’s and ate fifty
hot wings.
Examples of Complex Sentences
Dependent Clause

Since it was an Early Release Day,

we went to Long Wong’s and ate fifty
hot wings.

Subordinator
Examples of Complex Sentences

Since it was an Early Release Day,

we went to Long Wong’s and ate fifty
hot wings.
Independent Clause
 Practice
1.

2.

3.

4.
 Write down the dependent clause
and circle the subordinator:
1. After driving for three hours, they arrived at their
destination.

2. They never stopped on the way there because they

wanted to be early.

3. Although they drove together, it was not a pleasant

drive.

4. We decided to ride together since we were going to the

same meeting.
 Identify the dependent clause:
1. After driving for three hours, they arrived at their
destination.

2. They never stopped on the way there because they

wanted to be early.

3. Although they drove together, it was not a pleasant

drive.

4. We decided to ride together since we were going to the

same meeting.
 Identify the dependent clause:
1. After driving for three hours, they arrived at their
destination.

2. They never stopped on the way there because they

wanted to be early.

3. Although they drove together, it was not a pleasant

drive.

4. We decided to ride together since we were going to the

same meeting.
 Identify the dependent clause:
1. After driving for three hours, they arrived at their
destination.

2. They never stopped on the way there because they

wanted to be early.

3. Although they drove together, it was not a pleasant

drive.

4. We decided to ride together since we were going to the

same meeting.
 Identify the dependent clause:
1. After driving for three hours, they arrived at their
destination.

2. They never stopped on the way there because they

wanted to be early.

3. Although they drove together, it was not a pleasant

drive.

4. We decided to ride together since we were going to the

same meeting.
Questions?
 Review
1. Independent and Dependent Clauses

2. Simple Sentence

3. Compound Sentence

4. Complex Sentence
 Sentence Structures
Compound-Complex - Two or more independent
Sentence clauses joined with at
least one dependent
clause
Examples of Compound-Complex
Sentences

Although they usually watch dramas,

they decided to see a comedy, and
they enjoyed it very much.
 Examples of Compound-Complex
Sentences
Dependent Clause

Although they usually watch dramas,

they decided to see a comedy, and
they enjoyed it very much.

Subordinator
Examples of Compound-Complex
Sentences
Independent Clause 1

Although they usually watch dramas,

they decided to see a comedy, and
they enjoyed it very much.

Independent Clause 2
Examples of Compound-Complex
Sentences

Gregor had to wake up early to go to

practice, but he was glad he stayed
up late because he was able to watch
the championship game on TV.
Examples of Compound-Complex
Sentences
Independent Clause 1

Gregor had to wake up early to go to

practice, but he was glad he stayed
up late because he was able to watch
the championship game on TV.

Independent Clause 2
Examples of Compound-Complex
Sentences

Gregor had to wake up early to go to

practice, but he was glad he stayed
up late because he was able to watch
the championship game on TV.

Dependent Clause
 Practice
1.

2.

3.

4.
 Complex or Compound-Complex?
Independent Clause?
1. Daryl is very good with a bow, although it is odd that he
never runs out of arrows.

2. Since Rick was their leader, he often made the important

decisions about where to relocate.

3. Hershel was their voice of reason, but he wasn’t afraid

to speak up because of his faith.

4. After he woke up, Jim looked around, but he couldn’t

find anyone in the empty hospital.
 Complex or Compound-Complex?
Independent Clause?
1. Daryl is very good with a bow, although it is odd that he
never runs out of arrows.

2. Since Rick was their leader, he often made the important

decisions about where to relocate.

3. Hershel was their voice of reason, but he wasn’t afraid

to speak up because of his faith.

4. After he woke up, Jim looked around, but he couldn’t

find anyone in the empty hospital.
 Complex or Compound-Complex?
Independent Clause?
1. Daryl is very good with a bow, although it is odd that he
never runs out of arrows.

2. Since Rick was their leader, he often made the important

decisions about where to relocate.

3. Hershel was their voice of reason, but he wasn’t afraid

to speak up because of his faith.

4. After he woke up, Jim looked around, but he couldn’t

find anyone in the empty hospital.
 Complex or Compound-Complex?
Independent Clause?
1. Daryl is very good with a bow, although it is odd that he
never runs out of arrows.

2. Since Rick was their leader, he often made the important

decisions about where to relocate.

3. Hershel was their voice of reason, but he wasn’t afraid

to speak up because of his faith.

4. After he woke up, Jim looked around, but he couldn’t

find anyone in the empty hospital.
 Complex or Compound-Complex?
Independent Clause?
1. Daryl is very good with a bow, although it is odd that he
never runs out of arrows.

2. Since Rick was their leader, he often made the important

decisions about where to relocate.

3. Hershel was their voice of reason, but he wasn’t afraid

to speak up because of his faith.

4. After he woke up, Jim looked around, but he couldn’t

find anyone in the empty hospital.
Questions?
Sentence Identification
and Labeling
 Sentence Identification
and Labeling
Independent Clauses = Underline

Dependent Clauses = Draw a box

Coordinators and = Circle

Subordinators
 Practice 2
1.

2.

3.

4.
1. Since they were trained at a young age, Spartans were
incredible soldiers.

2. While searching for a light, he kicked something on the

floor, and discovered it was an empty bottle.

3. Gladiators often fought to the death because it was

entertainment for the crowd.

4. Jim slowly roamed the empty streets, but he never found

anyone since the city was evacuated.
1. Since they were trained at a young age, Spartans were
incredible soldiers.

2. While searching for a light, he kicked something on the

floor, and discovered it was an empty bottle.

3. Gladiators often fought to the death because it was

entertainment for the crowd.

4. Jim slowly roamed the empty streets, but he never found

anyone since the city was evacuated.
1. Since they were trained at a young age, Spartans were
incredible soldiers.

2. While searching for a light, he kicked something on the

floor, and discovered it was an empty bottle.

3. Gladiators often fought to the death because it was

entertainment for the crowd.

4. Jim slowly roamed the empty streets, but he never found

anyone since the city was evacuated.
1. Since they were trained at a young age, Spartans were
incredible soldiers.

2. While searching for a light, he kicked something on the

floor, and discovered it was an empty bottle.

3. Gladiators often fought to the death because it was

entertainment for the crowd.

4. Jim slowly roamed the empty streets, but he never found

anyone since the city was evacuated.
1. Since they were trained at a young age, Spartans were
incredible soldiers.

2. While searching for a light, he kicked something on the

floor, and discovered it was an empty bottle.

3. Gladiators often fought to the death because it was

entertainment for the crowd.

4. Jim slowly roamed the empty streets, but he never found

anyone since the city was evacuated.
 Sentence Structures
Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex
 Sentence Structure?

It rained for three days, so the

streets in my neighborhood
flooded.
 Sentence Structure?
Coordinator
It rained for three days, so the
streets in my neighborhood
flooded.
 Sentence Structure?
Coordinator
It rained for three days, so the
streets in my neighborhood
flooded.

Which type of sentence is this?

 Sentence Structure?

Jason stayed up late because he

was playing video games.
 Sentence Structure?
Subordinator
Jason stayed up late because he
was playing video games.
 Sentence Structure?
Subordinator
Jason stayed up late because he
was playing video games.
Dependent Clause

Which type of sentence is this?

 Sentence Structure?

Mildred and Ann could arrange the

pictures in a special album.
 Sentence Structure?

Mildred and Ann could arrange the

pictures in a special album.

Which type of sentence is this?

 Sentence Structure?

Even though his heart was

pounding, Jim raced up the stairs,
and he checked out the strange
noise.
 Sentence Structure?
Subordinator

Even though his heart was

pounding, Jim raced up the stairs,
and he checked out the strange
noise.
 Sentence Structure?
Subordinator

Even though his heart was

pounding, Jim raced up the stairs,
and he checked out the strange
noise.
 Sentence Structure?
Subordinator

Even though his heart was

pounding, Jim raced up the stairs,
and he checked out the strange
noise.
Which type of sentence is this?
Coordinator
Your Turn!