DESIGN OF A NEW SWITCHED-STATOR BLDC DRIVE

TO IMPROVE
THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF AN ELECTRIC
VEHICLE

ARUN SHOBY
RET16EE012
Mr. THOMAS K.P

1
 INTRODUCTION

Electric vehicles (EV)/Hybrid Electric vehicles (HEV) are

future in the area of transportation. Lot of research in the area
of propulsion for electrical vehicles is being carried out to
reach optimum and energy efficient solution. The heart of the
electric vehicle is its energy source and the total performance
of the vehicle depends on how efficiently the energy is
utilized. Different methods and configurations to improve the
energy saving in electric vehicles are proposed. There are
different sub systems in EV which can be optimized for
obtaining energy saving and the most important sub system is
electric propulsion..
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The motor characteristics has major effect on vehicle
performance and it requires long constant power
range to meet speed and torque demand from the vehicle
The battery drive system should be highly efficient to make the
EV to overcome its speed, load and mileage limitations. The
technique of switched stator BLDC motor is arrived to improve
the efficiency of battery by switching the outer and inner stator
of BLDC motor which are designed with different torque/back-
emf constants.

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 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR(BLDC)
 A modern ,much
improved version of
traditional DC motor.
 An inside out dc motor
with electronic
communication.
 Field –permanent
magnet – is on rotor
 Armature – is one of
stator which has good
cooling. Fig .1
 Two types – sinusoidal
-trapezoidal
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 CONSTRUCTION

 It consists of two parts mainly stator and rotor

 Stator is made up of silicon steel stamping with slots.

 The slots are accommodated armature windings

 This winding is wound with specified number of poles.

 This winding connected a dc supply through a power

electronic switching circuits .

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 CONFIGURATION OF EV

 Battery is the main power source of the EV.

The electric drive consumes energy from
battery during motoring and charge the
battery during regenerative braking.

 Power stage is required to commutate the

BLDC motor and it is interfaced with
controller which gives necessary control
and gating signals to power devices .
Controller also monitors important battery
parameters and controls the battery power
pack. Fig .2

 The VIU (vehicle interface unit) provide

interface between controller and sensors.
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PROPOSED CONFIGURATION

Fig .3 7
 The concept is arrived to Rotor
improve the energy efficiency
of the battery and hence the
total vehicle which helps in
reduction of load current,
battery power and energy.
 The main element in the
proposed configuration is Inner
Switched stator BLDC motor stator
SS-BLDC).
 The Motor is designed with
two stators which are
independent to each other
and the rotor is employed with
permanent magnets on either
Fig.4
side.
 In the same housing both
stators can be accommodated
Outer
without compromising on the stator
slot areas 8
SECTIONAL VIEW OF SS-BLDC MOTOR
INTEGRATED WITH WHEEL

Fig .5 9
 Two stators are employed with independent 3-phase windings
of different torque/back-emf constants.

 The inner stator is designed with torque constant to meet the normal
operation of vehicle and outer stator is designed with torque constant to
meet high acceleration and deceleration requirements.

 Two power inverters are used to power stators

independently based on control algorithm.
Acceleration is derived from the input speed requirement and is a decision
parameter to switch over between two stators.

 As and when acceleration is more than the set value the outer stator with
higher torque constant is activated keeping the other stator in
de-activation state and if acceleration is less than set value
then the inner stator is in activation mode keeping the outer
stator in deactivation state. The switchover between two
stators is done through a solid state switch.
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FLOW CHART FOR SWITCHED STATOR CONCEPT

Fig. 6 11
MODEL OF SS-BLDC MOTOR

Fig.7 12
 As per switched stator concept acceleration is
taken as decision parameter to switch between
outer stator and inner stator of different back-emf /
torque constants.

 The switch1 and switch 2 simulates the solid

state switch which helps in switchover
from one stator to other stator.

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 MODELING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVE
 The model of an electric vehicle contains different sub-
systems which includes vehicle model ,Transmission
model, Electric motor model, controller model and
Battery model.

 All the sub-systems have to be modeled to arrive at total

vehicle performance. The major performance indices
which are aimed at are power capability of battery and
energy consumed by battery because these two are
major parameters of any electric vehicle which ultimately
determines energy efficiency of electric vehicle.

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 A. VEHICLE MODEL
There are different components contributing to total traction
force of the vehicle and they can be described by the
following equation

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 B. TRANSMISSION MODEL
The vehicle considered is which doesn't have any
transmission between electric drive and
wheel. The motor directly coupled to the wheel. Eq
. (3), (4) and (5) gives torque and angular velocity of
driving wheel i.e. electric drive.

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Fig.8
C. MOTOR CONTROLLER MODEL

 The motor controller is modeled as an ideal

controller with no power loss and no phase lag.

 It simply increases the battery voltage to meet the

motor supply voltage which is determined from
speed and torque requirements.

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 D. BATTERY MODEL:

 The battery pack is obviously heart of an electric

vehicle.
 It is modeled as a voltage source with an internal
resistance.
 The battery model is build such that it accepts required
voltage and current information from motor controller
and calculates the battery internal voltage.

 The battery voltage error is calculated which is used by

PI controller to adjust gain.

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 BATTERY POWER CONSUMPTION

 Power consumption of
battery for the driving cycle.

 Comparison of power
consumption for both
conventional and proposed
configuration shows that
power consumption in
proposed concept is less
during acceleration and
deceleration.
Fig.9
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 ENERGY CONSUMPTION:
CONVENTIONAL PROPOSED
C O N F I G U R AT I O N C O N F I G U R AT I O N

Fig.10
The range and mileage of the vehicle is dependent on
the energy consumed by the battery throughout the vehicle
travel. 16 repeated cycles are used as velocity
input and the vehicle performance is compared for both
configuration 20
 DEPTH OF DISCHARGE (DOD) OF BATTERY:

 The DOD of battery is

the indication of its
capacity.
 The value of DOD is
zero if battery is fully
charged and it is said
to be dead when if
value of DOD is one.
 Figure shows the
comparison of DOD for
both configurations
fig,.11
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 RANGE OF VEHICLE

 The range of vehicle

depends on charge
available in the battery.
 The battery depth of
discharge is plotted with
distance travelled for both
configurations

Fig.12

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 CONCLUSION
 Switched stator BLDC motor is proposed for an
electric vehicle to improve the energy efficiency of the
vehicle.

 The simulation results show that the power and energy

consumed by battery in proposed configuration is less
compared to conventional configuration. For 17 cycles of
ECE-15 driving schedule, the battery is discharged after
3637secs with conventional configuration while there is 28%
of charge left with proposed configuration.

 The range of the vehicle is simulated and the

range is extended by 38% with proposed configuration .
Hence the proposed configuration can be considered as an
energy efficient methodology for electric vehicle. 23
 REFERENCE
 M. E. H. Benbouzid et al., “An effciency-optimization controller for induction
motor drives,” IEEE Power Eng. Lett., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 43–45,
May 1998.

 S.Sridharan, Philip T.Krein "Optimising variable DC-link voltage for an IM

driveunder dynamic conditions", 2015 IEEE transportation electrification
conferenceandExpo,pp.1-6, Jun.2015.

 Pisek, B. Shumberger,T.Marcic and P.Virtic,“ Design, analysis and

experimental
validation of Double rotor synchronous PM machine used for HEV', IEEE
transactions on magnetics, vol.49,issue.1,pp.152-155,Dec. 2012
 B. V. Ravi Kumar and K Sivakumar, ”Design of a New Switched-Stator BLDC
Drive to improve the energy efficiency of an Electric Vehicle”,

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THANK YOU

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