ABRASIVE

JET MACHINE
 INDEX

• Introduction to AJM
• Component of AJM
• Working Parameter of
AJM
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION OF AJM

Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a

process in which the material is removed from
the work piece due to impingement of fine grain
abrasive by a high velocity gas stream.
The stream of abrasive mixed gas is
directed to the work piece by suitably designed
nozzle.
This process differs from the conventional
sand blasting in that the abrasive used is finer and
the process parameters and cutting action is
carefully controlled.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 COMPONENT OF AJM

The following components are used in Abrasive

jet machine,
 Compressor
 Mixing Chamber
 Nozzle
 Regulator And valves
SCHAMATIC LEYOUT
 WORKING OF AJM
Abrasive jet machining is a process in which material
removal takes place due to erosive action of a stream of fine-grained
abrasive particles impacting at high velocity on the work surface.
Fine-grained abrasive particles mixed in suitable portion with high
pressure carrier gas, usually air, are directed through a suitably
designed nozzle. The nozzle used imparts high velocity to the carrier
gas and thereby to the jet of abrasive particles at the nozzle exit. This
is directed onto the work surface to be machined
The erosion of a surface by solid particles entrained in a
fluid stream has received consideration attention from many
investigators in the past. The theory of erosion phenomena in such
situation is not fully understood and adequate data of its governing
parameters are not available; some of these parameters are
interdependent and difficult to control.
The first phase involves the determination from fluid condition,
of the number, direction and velocity of abrasive particles
striking the work surface.
The first phase is essentially a two-phase (solid-gas
suspension) flow problem and is beyond the scope of present
work. The discussion will, therefore, be confined to
mechanism of material removal or erosion rate. The erosion
of materials by surface impact of hard particles is a complex
phenomenon, consisting of several simultaneous and
interacting, typically involving mechanical, chemical and
material parameters as well as complex mechanism
 The first phase involves the determination from fluid condition,
of the number, direction and velocity of abrasive particles striking the
work surface.
The first phase is essentially a two-phase (solid-gas suspension)
flow problem and is beyond the scope of present work. The
discussion will, therefore, be confined to mechanism of material
removal or erosion rate. The erosion of materials by surface impact of
hard particles is a complex phenomenon, consisting of several
simultaneous and interacting, typically involving mechanical,
chemical and material parameters as well as complex mechanism
 WORKING PARAMETERS IN ABRASIVE
JET MACHINE
• Variables in that influence the rate of metal removal and
accuracy of machining in abrasive jet machining process are:
•
• Carrier gas.
• Types of abrasives.
• Size of abrasive grains.
• Velocity of abrasive jet.
• Mean number of abrasive particles per writ volume of carrier
gas.
• Work material.
• Stand of distance
• Nozzle design.
• Shape of cut.
FACTORS EFFETING PROCESS ARE

Material removal rate (MRR).

Geometry of cut.
Roughness of surface hardness.
The rate of nozzle wear.
 ADVANTAGES :
Abrasive jet machining has following
advantages:
 There is no mechanical contact between the tool and work
piece.
 It can cut hole of intricate shapes in hard and brittle
materials.
 Surface finish obtained is high.
 Depth of surface damage is low.
 Power consumption is low.
 Capital cost is low.
 Accuracy up to 0.05 mm can be obtained.
 LIMITATION
Abrasive jet machining has following
limitation:
Metal removal rate is low.
Nozzle wear is high.
In machining soft metals, abrasive get embedded
into the metals as a result an additional cleaning
operation is required.
Stray cutting and tapering are unavoidable, thus,
machining accuracy is poor.
Process tends to pollute the environment, so, dust
collecting system is required.
 APPLICATION
Abrasive jet machining (AJM) process has been used in many
engineering operation.
 Removal of flash mid parting lines from the injection moulded parts.
 It’s widest used is in cutting, drilling, deburring and cleaning of hard
and brittle materials.
 The process is also used to machine thin section and intricate shapes
in hard and brittle materials.
 Deburring and cleaning of Plastic, Teflon, Nylon components is
another application of this process.
 It is used in producing high quality surfaces
 Production of high quality surface.
 Removal of glue & paint from painting and leather objects.
 Frosting of the interior surface of the glass tubes.
 Etching of markings on glass cylinders.
 Cleaning of metallic mould cavities which otherwise may be
inaccessible.
 For cleaning of the spark plug and casting.
 CONCLUSION

Abrasive jet machining can be used for polishing,

deburring and other finishing operation where the rate of
material removal is important, while in operation such as
micro-drilling and cutting it is the erosion depth which is
more relevant