PRESENTED BY-

DR.RATIKA SOLANKI
PG 1st YEAR.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 PEDIATRIC DOSAGE FORMULAS
Based on age-
1.YOUNG’S RULE
2.COWLING’S RULE
3.DILLING’S RULE
4.FRIED’S RULE.

Based on weight-
1.CLARK’S RULE.

Based on surface area-

1.CATZEL’S RULE.
2.NOMOGRAM METHOD/DUBOIS FORMULA.
DEFINITION
 HYPERALGESIA-:Increased pain from a stimulus that
normally provokes pain.
Esentials of medical pharmacology;K.D Tripathi;5th edition.
 NIMESULIDE
 It is a NSAID with pain medication and fever reducing properties.
INDICATIONS-
 1.T/t of acute pain.
 2.Symptomatic T/t of osteoarthritis.
 3.Primary dysmenorrhoea in adolescents and children above 12 years of
age.
 It is not recommended long term as for chronic arthritis.
 This is due to its association with an increased risk of liver toxicity ,
including liver failure.
CONTRAINDICATIONS-
 It should be avoided by children under 12 and people with liver
problems or flu like symptoms.
SIDE EFFECTS-
 Due to concerns about the risk of liver toxicity , Nimesulide has
been withdrawn from markets in several countries.(Spain,
Finland , Belgium ,Ireland , United States).
 Liver problems have resulted in both deaths and need for
transplantation .This may occur in as little as 3 days after
starting the medication.
 Continuous use of NIMESULIDE (more than 15 days) may cause-
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Skin rash
Itchiness
Bitterness in mouth.
COXIB
AAPD GUIDELINES(Use of ANALGESICS in children)

AAPD encourages health care professionals to:

 Recognize and assess pain ,documenting in the patient’s chart.

 Use non-pharmacologic and pharmacological strategies to reduce

pain experience preoperatively.

 Be familiar with the patient’s medical history to avoid prescribing

a drug that would be otherwise contraindicated.

 Comprehend the consequences, morbidities and toxicities

associated with the use of specific therapeutics.
Textbook of Paediatric Dentistry ; Nikhil Marwah ;5th edition.
Consider non-opioid analgesics as the first line agents for
postoperative pain management.

Utilize drug formularies in order to accurately prescribe

medications for post operative pain management.

Consider combining NSAIDS with acetaminophen to provide a

greater analgesic effect than the single alone.