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Dasar Ekonomi
 Rekayasa :
Investasi, Interest
Rate, Cost,Benefit

 Cash Flow
Diagram

 Time Value
Eqivalent

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 1
 The fee that a borrower pays to a
leader for the use of his or her money.

INTEREST RATE

The percentage of money being borrowed

that is paid to the lender on some time
basis.
Example : 10% per annum.
1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 2
 The total interest earned is linearly proportional to the initial
amount of the loan (principal), the interest rate end the
number of interest periods for which the principal is
comitted.
 When applied, total interest “I” may be found by :
I = (P) (N) (i)
Where :
P = principal amount lent or borrowed.
N= number of interest periods (e.g. years).
i = interest rate per interest period.
(eg. P=100,N=5,i=3% : I=100x5x0.03=15)

F=P (1+ni)=115
1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 3
 Interest charged for the current period is
based on the remaining principal amount plus
any accumulated interest charges up to the
beginning of the period.
Period Amount Interest for Amount
owed owed
Start of period Period (@ 10%) End of period
1 $ 1,000 $ 100 $ 1,100
2 $ 1,100 $ 110 $ 1,210
3 $ 1,210 $ 121 $ 1,331

F=P(1+i)^n = 100(1.03)^10=134
1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 4
Interest rate 3%
Simple Interest:
Amount owed (P + I)
F=100+(100 x I x n)
Year Simple interest Compound
interest N=10 ; F=100+100x0.03x10=130
0 100 100
1 103 103 Compound Interest:
2 106 106
F=100(1+i)^n
3 109 109
N=10 ; F=100(1.03)^10=134
4 112 113
5 115 116
10 130 134
15 145 156
20 160 181
25 175 209
30 190 243
35 205 281
40 220 326
45 235 378
50 1/19/2010
250 438 Pranoto.SA 5
A student borrows Rp.3.000.000 from his uncle in order to finish study.
His uncle agrees to charge him simple interest at the rate of 5.5% per
year. Suppose the student waits two years and then repays the entire
loan. How much will he have to repay?

F = P (1+ni) = 3.000.000(1+0.055*2)= Rp.3.330.000

A student deposit Rp.1000.000 in a saving acount that pays interest at

the rate of 6 % per year compounded annually. If all the money is
allowed to accumulate, how much will the student have after 12 years?

F=P(1+i)^n = 1000.000(1+0.06)^12=Rp.2.012.000
Compare with simple interest:
F=1000.000(1+0.06*12)= Rp.1.720.000

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 6
 Investment :
Funding or donation for invest in any project as
Capital purpose, or fund is saved for received
profit in the future.
 Cost :
Funding which have to paid for operation
and maintenance of the project
 Benefit:
Out put or product can sold, or things
which receiving profit income
1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 7
 Rehabilitation:
The funding for repared to aim the
think can remain perform

 Normalization:
The funding for service or small repared
to reach the thing is normaly perform

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 8
 Inflation
National Economies frequently experience inflation, in
which the cost of goods and services increases from
one year to the next. Normally, inflationary increases
are expressed in term of percentages which are
compounded annually. Thus, if the present cost of a
commodity is PC, its future cost, FC will be:

FC= PC(1+i)^n
i = annual inflation rate (expressed as a decimal)
n= number of years

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 9
Example
An economy is experiencing inflation at
the rate 6% per year. An item persently
cost $.100. If the inflation rate
continues, what will be price of this
item in five years?

FC=$.100(1+0.06)^5=$.133.82

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 10
 A = $2,524 3
5

1
1 2 3 4 5=N
P = $8,000 2 4 i = 10% per year

1. Time scale with progression of time moving from left to

right; the numbers represent time periods (e.g., years,
months, quarters, etc …) and may be presented within a
time interval or at the end of a time interval.
2. Presen expense (cash outflow) of $ 8,000 for lender.
3. Annual income (cash inflow) of $ 2,524 for lender.
4. Interest rate of loan.
5. Dashed-arrow line indicates amount to be determined.

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 11
i = effecive rate per interest period.
N = number of compounding periods (e.g., years).
P = present sum of money; the equvalent value of one or
more cash flows at the present time reference point.
F = future sum of money; the equvalent value of one or
more cash flows at a future time reference point.
A = end-of-period cash flows (or equvalent end-of-period
value) in a uniform series continuing for a specified
number of periods, starting at the end of the first
period and continuing through the last period.
G = uniform gradient amounts – used if cash flows
increase by a constant amount in each period.

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 12
CASH FLOW
FV
I R C
C C

1 2 3 4
B1 B1
B2 B2

I : invest R: Rehabilitation B1: Benefit 1

C: Cost Benefit 2 FV: Future Value

1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 13
1/19/2010 Pranoto.SA 14