CLASSIFICATION OF AVES

Bird communication using sound includes

singing, calls, squeaks, squawks, gurgles,
warbles, trills, rattles, gulps, pops, whines,
clicks, croaks, drums, whistles, howls,
tremolos, thumps, honks and
many other sorts of sounds.
Not all birds use their voice as their main
method of communication.
 Some birds, such as the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), make
non-vocal sound by beating the air with their wings. This is done
in a way where the wings create a vacuum and the sound is
caused by the air rushing in to fill up that space, essentially
creating a mini-sonic boom. This sound is used to establish and
hold a territory. Another example, the Wilson’s snipe (Gallinago
delicata) uses special tail feathers which its spreads during an
earthward dive.

 Bird communication also happens through visual displays.

These are often a combination of behaviors and the
feathers on the bird’s body. In the case of the blackbirds,
the males puff up their feathers, lean forward, shrug their
shoulders showing off their colorful shoulders, and
exaggerates them with bold postures. They also sing out as
they do this making their statement loud and clear.
NESTING
Incubation by environment :
 Generally buried in the ground.
Incubation by parents- most birds:
1.Dig or use nest cavity
2.Nest is not enclosed in a cavity
a) open nests
b) roofed nests
c) compound nests
3.Eggs placed in the nests of other birds
 FEEDING
AVIVOROUS BIRDS
 An avivorous bird eats other birds. This is a popular
diet for many of the smaller raptors, such as accipiters,
which often prey on backyard birds.

CARNIVOROUS BIRDS
 Carnivorous birds eat meat, including rodents,
mammals, fish, amphibians and reptiles. All birds of
prey are carnivorous, as are many other birds including
different shorebirds, corvids and wading birds.
 FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS
 Frugivorous birds, or frugivores, are fruit-eating
specialists. Orioles, waxwings and toucans are all
frugivorous and will eat fruit, berries and fruit-
flavored jelly in the backyard.
GRANIVOROUS BIRDS
 A granivore eats primarily grains or seeds, and many
birds are granivorous, including many sparrows and
finches.
INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS
 Insectivorous birds are specialized carnivores that feed
on insects, from gnats to mosquitoes to dragonflies.
Flycatchers and warblers are insectivorous,
 NECTIVOROUS BIRDS
 A nectivore feeds on flower nectar, and the most well
known nectivorous birds are the more than 300 species of
hummingbirds in the world. Ex: Honeycreeper, sunbird.
OMNIVOROUS BIRDS
 The term omnivorous describes the diet of many birds –
eating everything and anything. Ducks are well known
omnivores.
MOLLUSCIVOROUS BIRDS
 A molluscivorous bird feeds on mollusks such as snails,
slugs or oysters. Many shorebirds are molluscivores and
will forage at low tide for clams and oysters.