PLATE

TECTONICS
LITHOSPEHRE
Top most layer of mantle
ASTHENOSPHERE
Contains also some materials as the top layer
MESOSPHERE
At this level the pressure is really staring to
build which restrict the molecules ability to
move thus making it very rigid.
OUTER CORE
Extremely high temperature melt the metal
contained in this layer into liquid from
INNER CORE
It is composed of mostly metals
The Earth’s crust is divided into segments called plates.
 200 million years ago:

Alfred Wegener
Before the advent of plate tectonics, however, some
people already believed that the present day continents
were the fragmented pieces of preexisting larger
landmasses (supercontinents).
1. Convergent Boundaries — occurs when two plates move toward, or into, one another. When
this happens, one plate usually slides beneath the other, in a process known as subduction.

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2. Transform Plate Boundaries — are locations where two plates slide past one another.

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3. Divergent Boundaries — is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are
moving away from each other.

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Vicariance - The separation or division of a group of organisms by a geographic
barrier, such as a mountain or a body of water, resulting in
differentiation of the original group into new varieties or species.