is a number used by government

agencies to communicate to the

public how polluted the air
currently is or how polluted it is
forecast to become.
As the AQI increases, an
increasingly large percentage of the
population is likely to experience
increasingly severe adverse health
effects.
 Different countries have their own
air quality indices, corresponding
to different national air quality
standards.
Air quality measurement
are commonly reported in
terms of:
micrograms per
cubic meter (µg/m3)
parts per million (ppm)
parts per billion (ppb)
 Computation of the AQI requires an
air pollutant concentration over a
specified averaging period, obtained
from an air monitor or model.
 Taken together, concentration and
time represent the dose of the air
pollutant.
 Health effects corresponding to a
given dose are established by
epidemiological research
 The AQI can increase due to an increase
of air emissions (for example, during rush
hour traffic or when there is an upwind
forest fire) or from a lack of dilution of air
pollutants.
Stagnant air, often caused by
an anticyclone, temperature
inversion, or low windspeeds
lets air pollution remain in a
local area, leading to high
concentrations of pollutants,
chemical reactions between air
contaminants and hazy
conditions.
 On a day when the AQI is predicted
to be elevated due to fine particle
pollution, an agency or public
health organization might:
1) advise sensitive groups,
such as the elderly, children,
and those with respiratory or
cardiovascular problems to
avoid outdoor exertion.
2) declare an "action day" to
encourage voluntary
measures to reduce air
emissions, such as using
public transportation.
3) recommend the use of
masks to keep fine particles
from entering the lungs.
The DENR air quality monitoring station
in Marikina City, one of the 27 located
across the country—photo from DENR-
EMB
 AMBIENT AIR MONITORING PAHIBALO:
 Gin-athag sang DENR-EMB nga ang ila Ambient Air
Monitoring naga-limit gid lang sa Particulate Matter (TSP,
PM10 kag PM2.5) ukon mga solido nga yab-ok nga indi
makita sang atun mga mata. Ini nga mga resulta sang
Ambient Air Monitoring naga representar lamang sang
kalidad sang hangin nga ara naga palibot sa lugar nga
nahamtangan sang mga Ambient Air Monitoring
Equipment. Ang pagkuha sang sample nga hangin kag ang
nagakaigo nga proseso sang pag analyze para sa manual
nga methodology nabase sa DENR Administrative Order
2000-81 kag Section 4 sang DENR Memorandum Circular
No. 13 Series of 2005. | via EMB DENR
#AksyonRadyoIloilo
(JoMaque)
Water quality refers to the
bacteriological, chemical,
physical, biological and
radiological characteristics which
indicate the condition and
acceptability of water relative to
its proposed or present use.
Through water quality
indicators, it can be
gauged if water is
appropriate for drinking or
non- drinking purposes.
The latter include cooking,
bathing, irrigation,
swimming, fishing, boating,
aesthetics or tourism and
various industrial uses such
as washing and cooling.
When contaminated or polluted,
environmental or ambient water

destroys aquatic ecosystems and

fisheries,
 discourages recreation and
tourism,
decreases farming productivity
 and brings diseases such as
severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS), hepatitis,
diarrhea, typhoid,
gastroenteritis, cholera and
dysentery.
In the Philippines, water
quality management programs
aim to attain the desired
water quality of inland
freshwaters such as river
basins and lakes,
groundwater as well as
coastal and marine waters.
 Being an archipelago of
7,107 islands and islets of
which 3,144 are named and
only 2,000 are inhabited, the
Philippines abounds with a
wide array of water bodies.
It has 421 rivers not counting
small mountain streams that
sometimes swell to three times
their size during rainy months.
There are also 59 natural lakes
and more than 100,000
hectares of freshwater swamps.
 Major river basins
 There are 18 major river basins and
421 principal rivers in the country.
The major river basins, with at least
1,400 square kilometers each, have
an aggregate area of 108,678 sq km
and total river length of 3,172
kilometers.
 Of these river basins, the six largest
(more than 5,000 sq km) are:

(1) the Cagayan River Basin in

northern Luzon (27,753 sq km);
(2) the Mindanao River Basin
(21,503 sq km) in central and
southern Mindanao;
(3) the Agusan River Basin (10,921
sq km) in northern Mindanao;
 (4) the Pampanga River Basin
(9,759 sq km) in central Luzon;
(5) the Agno River Basin (5,952
sq km) in central Luzon and
(6) the Abra River Basin in
northern Luzon (5,125 sq km).
*This report covers the state of water quality in the Philippines within the
period 2008-2015. Data, analysis and presentation were mainly provided
DENR-EMB.
Lakes
The country has 79 lakes that
are mostly used for fish
production. Table 2-2 shows 10
major lakes considered as
major hosts for aquaculture
production.
Laguna de Bay is the largest
among these lakes with an area of
900 sq km and surrounded by
some cities in Metro Manila and
the provinces of Laguna and Rizal.
Lake Lanao in Lanao del Sur is the
largest lake in Mindanao with an
area of 347 sq km.
There are four major groundwater
reservoirs namely
 Cagayan, 10,000 sq km;
 Central Luzon, 9,000 sq km;
 Agusan, 8,500 sq km;
 Cotabato, 6,000 sq km
When combined with smaller reservoirs
already identified, these groundwater
reservoirs would aggregate to an area of
about 50,000 sq km.
 Groundwater is extensively used for
domestic (drinking water) and
irrigation purposes. From the 2013
statistics of NWRB, the total amount
of registered water withdrawal from
groundwater is estimated at 3.7
million cubic meters; of which 54
percent is used for domestic and 25
percent is used for irrigation.
Health effects
due to
contamination
of water supply.
Fish kill
Red tide occurrences
Mine tailing spillage and
siltation incidents
Oil and Chemical Spills due to
Maritime Disasters