Suspension Fundamentals

and Types
Camber Angle
• Camber angle is the inclination of the vehicle tire with the vertical axis
when viewed from the Front section.
• In case top of tire leans inwards, then this is the condition of negative
camber. Whereas, when the tire leans outwards, it is called Positive
camber.
Double Wishbone: Damper to Lower Wishbone
• Mounting Dammper to lower wishbone
reduces ride height.

• Usually opted in the front for a rear

wheel drive.
 Double Wishbone: Damper to Upper Wishbone
• High motion ratio is always mandatory for a
suspension system. In the rear, the drive shaft
does not allow the damper to be connected to
lower wishbone with a high motion ratio, hence
dampers are mostly connected to the upper
wishbones.(Motion ratio in suspension of a
vehicle describes the amount of shock travel for
a given amount of wheel travel. Mathematically
it is the ratio of shock travel and wheel travel).

• Allows for better comfort level as road shock is

always transferred first to the spring and then the
damper.
 Steerable MacPherson Strut
• Relatively small suspension travel, and so
do not commonly see the kinematic
problems.

• Since the upper control arm is entirely

eliminated, MacPherson strut suspensions
require less components, which means
that they are less expensive.
Steerable Twin Parallel Wishbones and knuckle
• Steering knuckle is an important
member of the vehicle as it acts as
housing for wheel hub or the spindle
and attaches to the suspension
components
• Parallel and Equal double wishbone
suspension does not change wheel
geometry during Jounce and
Rebound. Thus, Camber angle retains
its initial value throughout wheel
travel.
Double Wishbone- Pushrod to Damper
• A pushrod setup allows designers to
stick the dampers, springs, and any
ancillary components in the center of
the car.
• Improved Aerodynamics
• Increased downforce and grip of
vehicle
• Expensive and elaborate process
 Double Wishbone- Rocker arm to Damper

• Biggest advantage of using rocker arm is

that you can use only one shocker at
front and rear part, so weight will be
reduced.
• Rocker arm is used with a push rod and
helps transmit motion from tire to
spring.

(golden part is rocker arm)

Double Wishbone Pushrod Mono-shock
• On a motorcycle with a mono-
shock rear suspension, a single
shock absorber connects the
rear Swingarm to the
motorcycle's frame

• Increases damping performance.

• Increases total weight.

 Double Wishbone Outer Ball Joints
• In an automobile, ball
joints are spherical
bearings that connect the
control arms to the
steering knuckles.

• Replaces Kingpin
arranagement
Double Wishbone Anti-Roll Bar
• Reduces the body roll of a
vehicle during fast cornering or
over road irregularities.

• A anti-roll bar increases the

suspension's roll stiffness—its
resistance to roll in turns.