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ECE 476 Power System Analysis: Lecture 11: Load and Generators, Bus Admittance Matrix
ECE 476 Power System Analysis: Lecture 11: Load and Generators, Bus Admittance Matrix
6
Power Flow Analysis
7
Linear versus Nonlinear Systems
A function H is linear if
H(a1m1 + a2m2) = a1H(m1) + a2H(m2)
That is
1) the output is proportional to the input
2) the principle of superposition holds
Linear Example: y = H(x) = c x
y = c(x1+x2) = cx1 + c x2
Nonlinear Example: y = H(x) = c x2
y = c(x1+x2)2 ≠ (cx1)2 + (c x2)2
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Linear Power System Elements
Resistors, inductors, capacitors, independent
voltage sources and current sources are linear
circuit elements
1
V = R I V = j L I V = I
j C
Such systems may be analyzed by superposition
9
Nonlinear Power System Elements
f(x) = x2 - 2 f(x) = x2 + 2
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Ybus Example
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Ybus Example, cont’d
Ykc
Since I ij (Vi V j )Yk Vi
2
Ykc
Yii Yk
Yiifrom other lines
2
1 1 Rk jX k Rk jX k
Note Yk 2
Z k Rk jX k Rk jX k Rk X k2
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Two Bus System Example
(V1 V2 ) Yc 1
I1 V1 12 j16
Z 2 0.03 j 0.04
What if
I1 12 j15.9 12 j16 V1
I 12 j16 12 j15.9 V
we remove
2 2 the shunts?
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Using the Ybus
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Solving for Bus Currents