UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE, SOCIETY,
AND POLITICS

Prepared by :

Fe B. Ewayan
 GROUP
YOURSELF !

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HOW SOCIETY IS
ORGANIZED

KINSHIP, MARRIAGE
AND THE HOUSEHOLD
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Objectives:

explain how society is organized,

recognize the existence of in-groups
and out-groups in one’s life and
society,
distinguish the various forms of
kinship

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How Society is Organized??

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A group is a unit of people who
interact with some regularity
and identify themselves as a
unit (Newman, 2012).

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In a stricter sense, it is a
collection of people interacting
together in an orderly way on
the basis of shared
expectations about one
another’s behavior.
Types of Groups

According to Influence
According to membership
Reference group
Networks
According to Influence  Primary groups- are small but intimate. Members
have direct access and interaction with each other.
Emotional bonds are formed between members
and any loss in members affects the identity and
structure of the group.
 Secondary groups- are formed to perform a specific
purpose.

According to  In-groups – provide members a sense of

membership belongingness and loyalty.
 Out-groups – is a group that an individual is not a
member.
Reference group Provide a person with a set of standards to check
against and to know if one is doing well or where he or
she needs improvement.

Networks This is the entirety of social connections an individual

takes part in for whatever purpose and through
whatever means.
 REFERENCE

When reference groups serve a

purpose of setting your norms and
values, these are normative
reference groups. These groups
directly influence the behavior of a
person, serving as a role model,
standard, or base point.
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Some reference groups exist to
provide people with means of
comparison for behavior, style, and
achievement. Such are comparative
reference groups whose norms and
values serve as points of comparison
for certain behaviors.

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Reference groups
come in different
forms and
classifications.
Aspirational reference groups
Associative reference groups

Dissociative reference groups

Aspirational reference groups

people or groups of people with

whom we want to be compared
with. Product advertisers and
celebrities like athletes, movie
stars, or talk show hosts are fine
examples of this reference group.
 Associative reference
groups

groups where we belong and take part

in. These people include our
neighbors, coworkers, club members,
or church members. People have a
tendency to confine with what is on
trend in their immediate community.

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Dissociative
reference groups

groups that people have no

interest in being associated with.
This group of people includes
those with whom we share
conflicts in interest, attitude, or
behavior.
According to Influence  Primary groups- are small but intimate. Members
have direct access and interaction with each other.
Emotional bonds are formed between members
and any loss in members affects the identity and
structure of the group. Families and close friends
are often the primary groups people have.
 Secondary groups- are formed to perform a specific
purpose.

According to  In-groups – provide members a sense of

membership belongingness and loyalty.
 Out-groups – is a group that an individual is not a
member.
Reference group Provide a person with a set of standards to check
against and to know if one is doing well or where he or
she needs improvement.

Networks This is the entirety of social connections an individual

takes part in for whatever purpose and through
whatever means.
Kinship by
Blood and by
Marriage

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Kinship

Is a network of relatives within which an

individual possesses certain mutual rights
and obligations.

- Haviland, et. al

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Kinship by Blood

The bond of blood is called consanguineous

kinship. The consanguineous kin is related
through blood. The relationship between the
parents and their kids, and that among siblings
is consanguineous kinship. There are descents
that are patrilineal, matrilineal and bilateral.

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Patrilinieal When family members trace the
relationships and affiliations with
the paternal side.

Matrilineal When family members trace the

relationships and affiliations with
the maternal side.

Bilateral When family members trace the

relationships and affiliations with
both parents.

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Kinship by Marriage

Forged by marriage alliances

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Monogamy Refers to the marriage of one male
and one female.

Polygamy Refers to the marriage between one

person of one sex and a minimum of
two persons of the other sex
 Polyandry- one woman to two or
more man.
 Polygyny – one man to two or more
woman.

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Residency Patterns

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Patrilocal Married couple resides with or
near the parents of the husband
Matrilocal Married couple resides with or
near the parents of the wife
Bilocal Married couple resides
alternately with either of their
parents
Neolocal Married couple resides in a new
place, independent from either of
their parents.
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▹ Family and
Household
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 FAMILY

to “two or more people

related by blood, marriage, or
adoptions.

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 HOUSEHOLD

is a residential unit or dwelling that

carries out economic production and
consumption that coordinates work,
inheritance, child rearing, and provision
of shelter. It is important to note that
family and household are not one and
the same.
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nuclear or the a type of family consisting of a
single-unit family husband, a wife, and children
(unmarried), naturally-conceived or
adopted; It is the nucleus of family
structures.

joint or extended a type of family that consists of three

family generations living together under the
same roof, and sharing the same
kitchen or economic expenses; It
consists of three nuclear families
living together.

reconstituted or a type of family that is formed out of

blended family– another relationship, otherwise
known as a step-family
What are your
in-groups and
out-groups?
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How do you
choose your
in-groups?
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 How do you
resolve conflicts
with your out-
groups?
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What is a
family?

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What to do :

FAMILY TREE

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▹ THANK
YOU !!!
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1-4. What are
the four types
of groups?

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5. Kinds of
marriage wherein a
woman are
allowed to marry
many.
6. Kinds of
marriage wherein a
man are allowed to
marry many.
7.Monogamy
8. Patrilocal
9.Matrilocal
10. Primary groups
11. Normative
Reference groups
12. Comparative
13. Desociative
14. single/nuclear
15. Extended/joint
16. Reconstituted
17. neolocal
18. bilocal
19.family
20. kinship
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Orange 5 24 16

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LET’S REVIEW SOME concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of
visible light, yellow is found
between green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on
the optical spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear sky
and the deep sea. It is located
between violet and green on
the optical spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been associated
with sacrifice, danger and
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