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Phys111 Lecture08
Phys111 Lecture08
Lecture 12
Dale Gary
NJIT Physics Department
Linear Momentum
and Collisions
Conservation
of Energy
Momentum
Impulse
Conservation
of Momentum
1-D Collisions
2-D Collisions
The Center of Mass
Dp pafter pbefore
mvafter mvbefore
m(vafter vbefore )
For the teddy bear
Dp m 0 (v) mv
For the bouncing ball
I p f pi mv f mvi
(0.39 10 4 kg m / s) (2.25 10 4 kg m / s)
2.64 10 4 kg m / s
Dp I 2.64 104 kg m / s
Fav 1.76 105 N
Dt Dt 0.15s
November 24, 2019
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
A child bounces a 100 g superball on the
sidewalk. The velocity of the superball
changes from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with the
sidewalk is 0.1s, what is the magnitude of
the impulse imparted to the superball?
(A) 0
(B) 2 kg-m/s
(C) 20 kg-m/s I Dp mv f mvi
(D) 200 kg-m/s
(E) 2000 kg-m/s
November 24, 2019
Impulse-Momentum Theorem 2
A child bounces a 100 g superball on the
sidewalk. The velocity of the superball
changes from 10 m/s downward to 10 m/s
upward. If the contact time with the
sidewalk is 0.1s, what is the magnitude of
the force between the sidewalk and the
superball?
(A) 0
(B) 2 N I Dp mv f mvi
F
(C) 20 N Dt Dt Dt
(D) 200 N
(E) 2000 N
November 24, 2019
Conservation of Momentum
In an isolated and closed system,
the total momentum of the
system remains constant in time.
Isolated system: no external forces
Closed system: no mass enters or
leaves
The linear momentum of each
colliding body may change
The total momentum P of the
system cannot change.
Since F21Dt F12Dt
Then m1v1 f m1v1i (m2 v2 f m2 v2i )
So m1v1i m2v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
0 m1v1 f m2 v2 f
m2 0.5kg
v1 f v2 f (50.0m / s) 0.417m / s
m1 60.0kg
November 24, 2019
Conservation of Momentum
A 100 kg man and 50 kg woman on ice
skates stand facing each other. If the woman
pushes the man backwards so that his final
speed is 1 m/s, at what speed does she recoil?
(A) 0
(B) 0.5 m/s
(C) 1 m/s
(D) 1.414 m/s
(E) 2 m/s
pi p f
m1v1i m2 v2i
vf
m1 m2
v f 5.00m / s
m1Dv1 m2 Dv2 0
November 24, 2019
An SUV Versus a Compact
(c) Find the change in the kinetic
m
energy of the system consisting 1 1.80 10 3
kg, v1i 15m / s
of both cars. m2 9.00 102 kg, v2i 15m / s
v f 5.00m / s
1 1
KEi m1v1i m2 v22i 3.04 105 J
2
2 2
1 1
KE f m1v1 f m2 v22 f 3.38 10 4 J
2
2 2
DKE KE f KEi 2.70 105 J
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
m1 (v12i v12f ) m2 (v22 f v22i )
v v ( v v )
m1 (v11i i v1 f )(v21ii v1 f ) m21(fv2 f v22i )(f v2 f v2i )
m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f m1 (v1i v1 f ) m2 (v2 f v2i )
v1i v1 f v2 f v2i
m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
November 24, 2019
Summary of Types of Collisions
In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic
energy are conserved
v1i v1 f v2 f v2i m1v1i m2 v2i m1v1 f m2 v2 f
5.00 104 kg m / s
tan q 1.33
3.75 10 kg m / s
4
m1 x1 m2 x2
xCM
m1 m2
where M = m1 + m2 + m3 +…
1 n
m1 x1 m2 x2 m3 x3
xCM
M
i 1
mi xi
m1 m2 m3
1 n
m1 y1 m2 y2 m3 y3
yCM
M
i 1
mi yi
m1 m2 m3
F ext MaCM