Opposition and

Struggle of the
Filipino People
GROUP 4
Muslim Struggle Against Spain
 Atthe onset of Spanish colonial rule,
expeditions were sent to the south to invade
the Muslims.
 This
Muslim raids only subsided when the
Spanish government started using warships in
1860.
 Former chieftains who were stripped of their
privileges led some uprising.
 Nationalism began to blossom.
The Movement for Reforms and
the 1896 Revolution
 By the 19th Century, the hacienda system had
taken over vast tracts of land following the
opening of the country to world trade and the
economic reforms of Government-General Jose
Basco y Vargas (1778-1787) in the 18th century.
The country’s agricultural lands were planted
with export crops, thereby limiting the area for
the harvest of staple food and other domestic
needs.
 TheFilipino working class started to grow in
number by the 19th century . Laborer’s
were hired in the railways, ships, ports,
sugar mills, tobacco factories, distilleries,
trading houses and others.
 The Secularization
Movement
 The Council of Trent in 1545-1563
 Pope Pius
 In the 18th century, Bishop Basilio Santa Justa
time.
 The authorities retained the regular priest’
leadership over the parishes.
 The authorities also used the Jesuits’ return in
1859 as an excuse to intensify desecularization.
 Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez and
Jacinto Zamora led the campaign for
secularization.
 Father Pedro Pelaez, a Spanish mestizo, wrote
the Queen of Spain to protest the 1861 decree.
 He published “El Eco Filipino”, a newspaper
calling for justice and equal representation of
Filipino priest.
The Liberal Leadership of Carlos Maria de la Torre (1869-
1871) and the Iron Fist Rule of Rafael de Izquierdo
(1871-1873)
 Governor de la Torre was a product of the
triumph of liberalism in the Spanish Revolution of
1868.
 He served from 1869 to 1871
 The friars were angered by his liberal policies
 De la Torre’s term was short lived
 De la Torre’s liberalism was replaced by
Governor RAFAEL de Izquiedero’s iron fist rule
(1871-1873)
 The 1872 Cavite Uprising
 Workers and soldiers in cavite arsenal protested in
January 20 1872 and governor Izquierdo withdraw from
their privileges

 The uprising is distinct local protest over the governor

generals rule and overthrow the colonial government
and established a sovereign Philippine republic and
pointed the priests as anti government conspiracy
leaders
 Governor Izquierdo immediately order to arrest
the priests, lawyers and merchants and the
priests those who are arrested are Jose Burgos
,Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora this are
the priest who are arrested and executed
without a proper trial and they were called
“Gomburza”.
The Movement for Reforms
 Thedemands of the middle class or
bourgeoisie – the well –off natives, the
Chinese merchants and the illustrados – all
revovled around the abuses of the
authorities.

 The
middle class believed they could
achieve their demands through peaceful
means.