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Turbine Wake Modeling
Turbine Wake Modeling
MODELING
Why Are Wind Turbine Wakes Important?
WAKE EFFECT IMPACT:
• reduced power production, because of wake velocity deficits
• increased dynamic loads on the blades, because of higher turbulence
levels.
• the power loss of a downstream turbine can easily reach 40% in full-
wake conditions.
• When averaged over different wind directions, losses of
approximately 8% are observed for onshore farms and 12% for
offshore farms
Wind turbine wakes:
• near wakes
tip vortices form a
continuous vorticity sheet: a
shear layer.
• far wakes
the increased turbulence
intensity
Methods for wake modeling
• Analytical method
• Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory
• Vortex-lattice and vortex-particle methods
• Panel methods
• Generalized actuator (CFD)
• Direct method (CFD)
Governing equation for CFD model
• The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are a suitable model to
describe the aerodynamics of wind turbine wakes
• K- model
stress transport (SST) limiter, is more convenient near blade surfaces
LES()
• In LES, the large eddies of the flow are calculated, whereas the eddies
smaller than the grid are modeled with a subgrid-scale model
• scale separation is carried out by spatially filtering the velocity field
• this filtering operation is defined as a convolution integral