Database Programming in Java

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 What are you going
to learn about today?
• MySQL database
programming
• Relational DB model
• How to write SQL queries

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Database (DB): Organized collection of data

Database Management System (DBMS):

Controls the creation, maintenance, and

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use of a DB
 Why use a DBMS?

• Data independence: Applications need not be

concerned with how data is stored or accessed
• Provides a lot of functionality that would be silly to
implement yourself:
– Sharing (network)
– Customizable security
– Integrity
 Two key aspects of a DBMS

• Database model: How DB is structured and used

– Examples: Relational, Object-Oriented, Hierarchical
• Query language: Types of questions you can ask
– Examples: SQL, XQuery

Relational + SQL is most common,

so we’ll use MySQL
 DB Tools

• DB client tools
– Example: MySQL Workbench
• Code using DB library
– Lib example: Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
 Relational Model Concepts

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Relational_model_concepts.png
 Example Tables
Authors
AuthorID FirstName LastName YearBorn
1 Ayn Rand 1905
2 Peter Benchley 1940

Publishers AuthorISBN
PublisherID PublisherName ISBN AuthorID
1 Bobbs Merrill 0452273331 1
2 Random House 0452011876 1
1400064562 2
Titles
ISBN Title EditionNumber YearPublished Description PublisherID
0452273331 The Fountainhead 1 1943 … 1
0452011876 Atlas Shrugged 1 1957 … 2
1400064562 Jaws 1 1973 … 2
 Primary versus Foreign Keys

• Primary key: Uniquely identifies each record in table

Authors
AuthorID FirstName LastName YearBorn
1 Ayn Rand 1905
… … … …

• Foreign key: Field in table A such that the field is a

primary key in one other table B
AuthorISBN
ISBN AuthorID
0452273331 1
… …
 CRUD-to-SQL Mapping

CRUD Operation SQL Statement

Create INSERT
Read (Retrieve) SELECT
Update (Modify) UPDATE
Delete (Destroy) DELETE

For complete documentation, see:

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/sql-syntax-data-
manipulation.html
 Tip: Don’t create/remove tables on the fly

• Only perform CRUD operations on rows

– Example: 1 table per book—bad!
• Set up the tables before you deploy
 Example SELECT Queries—Let’s try them!
• SELECT * FROM Authors

• SELECT AuthorID, LastName FROM Authors

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE YearBorn > 1910

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName LIKE ‘r%’

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName LIKE ‘_e%’

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName REGEXP ‘[a-r]*’

• SELECT * FROM Authors WHERE LastName REGEXP ‘[a-r]*’

ORDER BY LastName ASC

For complete documentation, see

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/select.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/pattern-matching.html
 Use JOIN to merge data from multiple tables
• SELECT FirstName, LastName, ISBN
FROM Authors INNER JOIN AuthorISBN
ON Authors.AuthorID = AuthorISBN.AuthorID
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName

• SELECT Titles.Title, Authors.LastName,

Publishers.PublisherName
FROM (Publishers INNER JOIN Titles
ON Publishers.PublisherID =
Titles.PublisherID)
INNER JOIN (Authors INNER JOIN AuthorISBN
ON Authors.AuthorID = AuthorISBN.AuthorID)
ON Titles.ISBN = AuthorISBN.ISBN

For complete documentation, see

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/join.html
 Basic steps for performing query with JDBC

1. Load driver class (only needs to be done once)

2. Connect to DB
3. Create/initialize statement
4. Execute statement (returns ResultSet)
5. Process ResultSet
6. Close connection (closes statement and ResultsSet)

For more complete documentation, see:

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/
 Let’s take a tour of
a web app that uses JDBC
 What could go wrong with this code?
(Hint: Recall last lecture)
// Add 1 to each player’s Score
Statement qst = con.createStatement();
rs = qst.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Players");

Score while (rs.next()) {

could int playerID = rs.getInt("PlayerID");
change int score = rs.getInt("Score");
Statement ust = con.createStatement();
ust.executeUpdate("UPDATE Players SET Score = '" +
(score+1) +
"' WHERE PlayerID = '" + playerID + "'");
}

TOCTOU race condition!

To avoid races, see transactions and/or table locks:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/sql-syntax-transactions.html
 Summary

• Relational DBs
• CRUD to SQL mapping
– JOIN operation
• JDBC programming
• Watch out for race
conditions!

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