FORM

Auxiliary
Subject Main verb
verb
+ I had finished my work.

+ You had stopped before me.

- She had not gone to school.

- We had not left.

? Had you arrived?

? Had they eaten dinner?

 Past Perfect Tense

• expresses action in the past before another

action in the past  past in the past.

EXAMPLE :
• The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am.
 When we arrived, the train had (already)
left.
 Sequence of events

Past Perfect Simple Timeline

FIRST ACTION SECOND ACTION

 Examples:

had received it hit

had written my friend stopped by

The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the

iceberg.
I had already written my report when my friend stopped
by to visit.
 USE:

• To talk about a past action that ended before another action or

time in the past, we use before and after & simple past.

The lecutre had started before we arrived

• We also use the past perfect to show the cause of a past action.
I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before.

• With time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, by

the time, by and until

By the time I got home, my brother had already left.

 The key words of Past Perfect

After
{Past Perfect}, Past Simple
As soon as
Before
{Past Simple}, Past
By the time
Perfect
 AFTER vs. BEFORE:

After he had finished

the meeting , he made a
telephone call.
OR

Before he made a telephone

call , he had finished the
meeting.
 Make similar sentences using after and before.

Finish learning - go out

After I had finished learning, I went out.

Before I went out, I had finished learning.

 Make similar sentences using
by the time and as soon as.

go to the faculty - read

By the time I went to the faculty,I had read an

interesting book.

As soon as I had read an interesting book, I

went to the faculty.