oSolid tumors of:

o Kidney
o Bladder
o Penis
o Prostate
o Testicular
oMore common in men

Genitourinary Cancers
 Kidney Cancer

 Accounts for 4% of adult malignancies

Common Types:
 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
 Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
 Wilm’s tumor
Common Metastases:
 Brain
 Lung
 Liver
 Lymph node
 Bone
 Kidney Cancer

Clinical Manifestations:
 Early sign
 Painless Hematuria
 Triad signs
 Hematuria
 Flank Pain
 Palpable Flank Mass
 Fever
 Hypertension
 Night sweats
 Unexplained weight loss
 Increasing weakness
 Anemia
 Bladder Cancer

 2nd most common urologic malignancy

 4th most common cancer in men
Common Types:
 Transitional cell carcinoma
 Urothelial cell carcinoma
Common Metastases: Lymphatic Spread
 Bones
 Lungs
 Liver
 Peritoneum
 Bladder Cancer

Clinical Manifestations:
 Painless hematuria*
 Urinary urgency and frequency
 Dysuria
 Altered stream of urine
 Palpable hypogastric area mass
 Pelvic and rectal pain
 Acute renal failure
 Prostate Cancer

 Most common urologic malignancy in men

 Common in men 50 years old and above
Common metastases: Hematogenous spread
 Pelvic bones
 Lumbar spine
 Liver
 Lungs
 Prostate Cancer

Clinical Manifestations:
 Weak and interrupted urinary stream
 Polyuria with nocturia
 Difficulty beginning urination
 Blood in semen
 Hematuria
 Weakness or numbness in the legs or feet
 Unrelieved pain in the back, hips or pelvis
 Fatigue
 Penile Cancer

 An uncommon type of malignancy

 Commonly affects men between 50 and 70 years old
Clinical Manifestations:
 Lesion that does not heal
 Penile pain
 Bleeding
 Foul odor discharges
 Weight loss
 Palpable inguinal lymph nodes
 Testicular Cancer

 Common in men between 15 and 35 years old

 Primary germ cell tumor (most common)
Common metastases: Lymphatic spread
 Retroperitoneal lymph nodes
 Lungs
 Liver
 Bones
 Brain
 Testicular Cancer

Clinical Manifestations:
 Palpable mass in the scrotum*
 Testicular pain
 Scrotal Swelling
 Gynecomastia
 Lower back pain
 Urinary obstruction
 Weight loss
oany cancer that
starts in a woman’s
reproductive
organs
o Cervical
o Vaginal
o Uterine
o Ovarian

Gynecologic Cancers
 Cervical Cancer

 Primarily caused by HPV (99%)

Develop from precancerous lesions:
 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
 Adecarcinoma in situ
3 main routes of spread:
 Direct extension to uterus, bladder, vagina, bladder,
rectum
 Lymphatic spread
 Hematogenous spread
 Lungs
 Liver
 Bowel
 Cervical Cancer

Clinical Manifestations:
 Presenting signs
 New irregular or heavy bleeding
 Bleeding after intercourse
 Change in vaginal discharge to watery, mucous, purulent, or
odorous fluid
 Late symptoms:
 Pain radiating to flank or leg

 Pelvic pressure and urinary changes

 Hematuria

 Vaginal hemorrhage
 Ovarian Cancer

 5th leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women

 Epithetial Ovarian Cancer (90%)
 Typically diagnosed at a late stage
Clinical Manifestations:
 Bloating r increased abdominal girth
 Urinary changes: frequency, urgency
 Difficulty eating or early satiety
 Abdominal or pelvic discomfort
 Uterine Cancer

“Endometrial Cancer”
 Arises from the lining of the uterus and is most often
confined to the corpus at the time of diagnosis
 Most common gynecologic malignancy
Clinical Manifestations:
 Vaginal bleeding*
 Late signs:
 Pelvic Pressure
 Urinary changes
 Uterine enlargement
 Vaginal Cancer

 A rare malignant disease

 Mostly assoc. with HPV and DES use
Clinical Manifestations:
 Vaginal bleeding*
 Postcoital spotting or bleeding
 Pelvic pain
 Dysuria
 Enlarged inguinal lymp nodes