DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(DBMS)

Presented by
N.Shanmuganathan
 INTRODUCTION
Databases are one of the important and useful tools
available to management and information technology
professionals.

Databases provide the foundation for collecting,

organizing, and sharing data across an organization.
Every area of management uses DBMS.

For example, marketing professionals use databases to

analyze sales data, human resource managers to
evaluate employees, financial analyst to analyze a
company’s performance.
 DEFINITION
Database:
“A database is a collection of data stored In a
standardized format, designed to be shared by multiple users.”

“A database is a collection of related files. ”

Database Management System(DBMS):

“A database management system is software that defines
a database, stores data, supports query language, produce
reports, and creates data entry screens.”

“DBMS is a set of system software programs that

organizes and maintains the data in a database for providing the
information.”
Database:
Databases are designed to offer an organized mechanism for
storing, managing and retrieving information.

They perform this with the use of tables.

Database consists of columns and rows like excel tables.

Each column contains a different type of attribute and each row

corresponds to a single record.

Databases are actually much more powerful than spreadsheets

in the way you’re able to manipulate data.

Eg : Retrieve all records that match certain criteria

Update records in bulk
 Characteristics of Data in Database
Shared -- Data in a database is shared amongst different
users and applications.

Validity/Integrity/Correctness -- Data should be correct with

respect to the real world entity that it represents.

Security – Data should be protected from unauthorized

access.

Consistency -- Whenever more than one data element in a

database represents related real world values, these values
should be consistent with respect to the relationship.

Non-redundancy – No two data items in a database should

represent the same real world entity.
DBMS :
Entire organization is all about data. So every company needs
tools to manage data.

A DBMS provides a secure and sustainable medium for the

storage and retrieval of data.

DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve

data in a structured way.

A database management system (DBMS) is designed to manage

a large body of information.

In business community, the updation will be done oftenly. If

they are using file system manipulation. It will not be very fast
and effective

Updation will be done very fast and effectively.

COMPONENTS OF DBMS
 DBMS MODELS
The Hierarchical Model:
The earliest DBMS were based on a hierarchical method of
storing data.

It establish logical relationship among various data elements

of multiple file and arrange the elements in a hierarchy.

A record that is having subsidiary records is called Parent, and

the subsidiary records are called children.

It is relatively fast.

The Network Model:
The network model is named from the network of connections
between the data elements.

Each record in a database can have multiple parents.

The relationship among data elements can be many-to-

many(M-M).

In network model a child can have a number of parents, where

as in hierarchical model a child can have only one parent.
The Relational Model:
E.F Codd originated the relational database approach in the
1970s.

Data is represented in using two-dimensional tables, called

relations or flat files.

Made up of columns and rows. Each column represents field or

attribute. Each row represents a record.

It can relate data in two tables, as long as two tables share at
least one common attribute.
The Object Model:
It is one of the important technologies of a new generation of
multimedia web-based applications.

An object consists of data values describing the attributes of

an entity, and the operations that can be performed upon the
data.

It has the major application over the web-based applications.

 ADVANTAGES:
Minimal data redundancy

Data concurrency

Data consistency

Sharing of data

Uniform security, privacy, and integrity

Data independence
 DISADVANTAGES:

Centralization : That is use of the same program at a time by

many user sometimes lead to loss of some data.

Cost : High cost of software.

Qualified Personnel : Without a qualified DBA nothing will work

longer.