Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
DR S SENA
SENIOR LECTURER BUSINESS
STUDIES DEPT
FACULTY OF COMMERCE
UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE
CHAPTER 12
Organizing is based on two principles:
• Authority
• Span of management/span of control/
span of supervision
Authority
• It is the key to the managerial job
• It is the lifeblood of the managerial position
• It gives legitimate power to the manager or
supervisor to give directives to
subordinates
• It is limited in scope by both internal and
external factors
Types of Authority
• Positional
• Functional
• Personal
Span of Management
• It is also called span of control and span of
supervision
• It is the number of subordinates that a manager
directs and supervises
• The number of subordinates varies
• The smaller or narrower the span, the more
levels of management will be required
• Some managers are able to supervise more
subordinates than are others
Factors Determining the Span of
Supervision
• Competence of the supervisor
• Competence and makeup of the subordinates
• Amount and availability of help from staff specialists
• Nature and importance of the activities performed
• The dynamics and complexity of the activity to be
performed
• The degree to which a comprehensive set of standards
and procedures are available to guide subordinates
• Availability of self-directed teams
CHAPTER 13
Division of Work:
• Tasks are broken down and divided into
smaller parts
• It is the process by which tasks and
responsibilities are allocated
• It is essential for greater efficiency and
higher productivity
Departmentalization
• The process of grouping the activities of an
organization into units
• The units are grouped by the following methods:
- Functions
- Process and equipment
- Territory or location
- Customer
- Time
- Product
Mixed Departmentalization
• Uses multiple methods of
departmentalization to meet the desired
outcome
Matrix organization