CHAPTER 3

LESSON 3.2:
EXCRETORY
SYSTEM
 EXCRETION
The removal of the metabolic waste
out of the body.

In unicellular organism: one or more

contractile vacuoles are present to
accumulate excess fluid and
discharge it outside the cell.
Human Excretion
 EXCRETION
- In humans, it is the process by which
the body gets rid of toxic chemicals,
excess water, salts, urea (a nitrogen
waste), and carbon dioxide.
- it also helps maintain osmotic
pressure and pH balance.
 ORGANS FOR EXCRETION
LUNGS: exhale carbon dioxide as a
metabolic waste
SKIN: excretes excess salt, water, and
amounts of nitrogen
KIDNEY: filters waste and toxic
substances in blood and eventually
excrete them as urine.
 ORGANS FOR EXCRETION
The liver converts ammonia into a
much less toxic nitrogen waste
called urea which is carried by the
blood stream to the kidneys, where it
is removed from blood.
 MAJOR WASTES EXCRETED BY HUMANS

ORGANS FOR EXCRETION

Excretory Organ Waste Removed Source

LUNGS Carbon Dioxide Respiration

Water Vapor Respiration and Excess in diet

KIDNEY Urea Waste in amino acids

Salts Excess in diet
Water Excess in diet and respiration

SKIN Urea (Sweat) Waste in amino acids

LIVER Urea Excess amino acids

 REGIONS OF THE KIDNEYS

a. The renal cortex (outer layer)

b. The renal medulla (middle layer)
c. The renal pelvis (becomes the
ureter)
 NEPHRON
- kidney’s filtering unit
- filters toxic and excess wastes.
- Made up of complex network of tiny tubes
surrounded by a tight ball of capillaries.
- They retain helpful molecules and filter waste
to be excreted outside the body through
urination.
 NEPHRON
- Each nephron is
about 3 cm
long, yet
microscopic
because it is so
narrow.
 THE EXCRETORY PROCESS
a. Filtration – starts at the cup shaped capsule of the
nephron called the
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE where glomerulus can be found.
During filtration, the bp inside the glomerulus forces a fluid
composed of small molecules (water, salt, sugar, protein,
ions, water, and urea) into the hollow interior of the
Bowman’s capsule.
Filtrate – the fluid inside the nephron.
Protein and blood cells stay in the blood.
 THE EXCRETORY PROCESS
b. Reabsorption
- Happens in the renal tubules, a long narrow
tubes connected to the Bowman’s Capsule.
- If reabsorption does not happen, you lose
most water, salts, and nutrients needed to
survive.
 THE EXCRETORY PROCESS
c. Secretion
- The filtrate reaches the end portion of
the renal tubule.
- Waste and toxic substances that was
filtered will now be secreted and be
formed as urine that will be collected in
the urinary bladder through the ureters.
 THE EXCRETORY PROCESS
d. Urine Elimination
Urine – a product of filtration, reabsorption,
and secretion.
Ureters – direct the urine to the urinary
bladder which expands as it fills.
URINE COMPOSITION
 Assignment
The mechanism of dialysis during kidney failure.
(differentiate kidney dialysis and hemodialysis)
Give the importance of dialysis and what happens
if dialysis is not performed to a person with chronic
or acute kidney failure