OBJECTIVES

To know
 Assessment,airway,breathing, circulation
 How to perform cardiopulmonary
resuscitation in adequate manner
 How to turn the patient in a recovery position
 The possible problems that may be associated
with the BLS
 Introduction

• Initial assessment,Aw maintenance ,expired air

ventilation, chest compression
• No equipment is used
• Aim is to keep adequate vent. Circulation until
equipment can be obtained .
• In resp failure it can reverse the cause
• The first 3-4 golden min
• O2 content ,available and reserve
• Permanent damage
• Hx of first BLS is in the Bible
• First medical BLS is in 1744 by Tossach
• Victorian period
• 1950 mouth to mouth breathing was rediscovered
• 1878 closed chest cardiac massage was first used by
Boehm
• Open chest massage became the slandered method of
cardiac arrest
• 1960 Jude et al reintroduced the external cardiac
massage
• So 1960 is the year of modern cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
 Theory of chest compression

• Cardiac massage and External cardiac massage

• Heart pump theory was criticized in 1970
ECHO valve incompetents
Coughing produce sustained circulation
• Thoracic pump theory By increasing intrathoracic pressure
 BLS algorithm
• Safe to approach
• Check response
• If responsive
leave in the same
position
check regularly
 BLS algorithm
• If no response
1. Ask for help
2. Open the AW
Head tilt
Chin lift
Jaw thrust
 Open Airway
Look for signs of life
…. to confirm cardiac arrest

• Patient response
• Open airway
• Check for normal
breathing
– (caution agonal
breathing)
• Check circulation
• Monitoring
 BLS algorithm
• Check for breathing
Lock
Listen
Feel
FOR 10 second
(OLD GUIDELINES)
 BLS algorithm
• If no breathing
send for help
turn pt onto his back
remove any visible
obstruction
give 2 breaths
(OLD GUIDELINES)
 BLS algorithm
• Check circulation
at one of the major
artery the best is
carotid for 5-10
seconds
(OLD GUIDELINES)
 BLS algorithm
• If no circulation
identify the middle of the
sternum
start ECM 30:2
use the heel of the hands
fingers interlocked
vertical above the pt chest
arms should be straight
depress the sternum 1.5-2 inc
rate is about 100 min
 BLS algorithm
• Continue resuscitation
until
The pt shows signs of
life
CPR team arrives
you become exhausted
 When to go for help
• If 2 persons available 1 is doing BLS
2 is going for help
• if 1 is available decide what to do
• If the pt is an adult not a child or due to
trauma or drowning
 Choking
• If the pt is conscious and
breathing encourage him to
continue coughing
• If the obst is complete or the pt
shows signs of exhaustion or
cyanosis
if the pt is conscious start
back blows
If no response do abdominal
thrust
• If the pt is unconscious
finger sweeps
abdominal thrust while the pt
supine
 Recovery position
• After breathing and
circulation has been restored
• To maintain the opening of
the airway
• To prevent inhalation of
gastric content