KELOMPOK 2

1. JUSRIL SINDRING

2. ADITYA MAUN

3. PRILY TAMPI

4. RISKA DOTINGGULO

5. FATRIZIA A. G. PASAMBUNA
6. AHMAD GERRY MOKOAGOW
 Limpadenopathy is an abnormal lymph node
in size, consistency, or amount. In the cervical
area, enlargement of lymph nodes is defined
when the gland enlarges more than one
centimeter in diameter. Enlargement of lymph
nodes can be differentiated into local tourism
and generalized lymphadenopathy (Spiritia,
2011).
 B. Etiology
 1. Virus infection
 Infections caused by viruses in the upper respiratory tract such as
Rinovirus, Parainfluenza Virus, Influenza Virus, Respiratory
Syncytial Virus (RSV), Coronavirus, Adenovirus or Retrovirus.
Other viruses are Ebstein Barr Virus (EBV), Cytomegalo Virus
(CMV), Rubella, Rubeola, Varicella-Zooster Virus, Herpes Simplex
Virus, Coxsackievirus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
 2. Bacterial infection
 caused by beta group A hemolytic streptococcus or staphylococcal
aureus.
 3. Medicines
 Medications can cause generalized lymphadenopathy.
Lymphadenopathy can occur after the use of drugs such as
phenytoin and isoniazid. Other drugs such as allupurinol, atenolol,
captopril, carbamazepine, cefalosporin, gold, hydralazine,
penicillin, pyrimetamine, quinidine, sulfonamide, sulindac).
 4. Immunization
 Reported immunization can also cause lymphadenopathy in the
neck region, such as after DPT, polio or typhoid immunization.
 Lymphadenopathy causes symptoms in the
form of swelling or enlarged lymph nodes. The
swelling can be identified by the appearance of
a lump under the skin, which can feel painful
or not.
 1. Skin rash
 2. Limp
 3. Fever
 4. Night sweats
 5. lose weight
 1. Laboratory
 2. Hematology:
 3. Complete peripheral blood
 4. Urinanalisis: complete urine
 5. Total protein, albumin, gout
 The lymphatic system plays a role in inflammatory
reactions and is parallel to the blood vascular system.
There is a slow penetration of interstitial fluid from the
tissue into the lymphatic ducts and finally rejoining the
vein direction. If the area is affected by inflammation,
usually an increase in lymph flow from that area. It is
known that in the course of acute inflammation, the
smallest lining of the lymph vessels is somewhat
stretched, just as it does in venules, thereby allowing
more interstitial material to enter the lymph vessels.
However, during acute inflammation not only does
lymph flow increase, but the protein and cell content of
the lymph fluid also increases in the same way.
 Lymphadenopathy management is based on
the cause. Many cases of lymphadenopathy
heal by themselves and do not require any
treatment other than observation (Sutoyo, 2009)
 Make observations 4-6 weeks, if you also do
not experience diminution, then it can be an
indication for biopsy (Sutoyo, 2009)
 Biopsy is done especially if there are signs and
symptoms that lead to malignancy (Sutoyo,
2009)
 Treatment of swollen lymph nodes (lymph nodes) or
lymphadenopathy is focused on how to overcome the
causes of lymphadenopathy itself. For example,
bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, viral
infections can go away on their own, and so on. If
cancer is suspected, a biopsy can be done to ensure the
diagnosis is only carried out anti-cancer therapy to
overcome this disease. Some cases of enlarged lymph
nodes do not go away by themselves or do not return
to normal size within one month should be seen by a
doctor. Lymph nodes can still swell after the initial
infection disappears. This is especially so in children
where the lymph nodes will shrink but are still visible
within a few weeks.
 Lymphadenopathy cannot be prevented
completely. However, the risk of developing
lymphadenopathy can be reduced if a person lives
a healthy lifestyle, namely:
 1. Don't smoke
 2. Eating lots of fiber (through fruits and
vegetables)
 3. Exercise regularly
 4. Avoid obesity
 5. Sleep at least 8 hours at night