Myxopterus

Devonian invertebrate Predator

That potentially preyed on ostracoderms
Evolution of jaws from pharyngeal (gill) arches
 Autostylic palatoquadrate fused to
cranium

Hyostylic- Palatoquadrate
loosely bound to cranium,
Jaw angle supported by
hyoid See Fig 5-5
Hyostylic
Jaw at work!
Evolution of paired appendages
Chondrichthyes = Holocephalans = ratfish, chimaera
Fig 5-9

Autostylic
Elasmobranchs – “plate gills” sharks, rays skates
 Pleurotreme
sharks
Fig 5-4

Hypotreme skates and rays

Fig 5-8
Chondrichthyean evolutionary relationships

Galeomorphs

Squalimorphs
Neoselachiii

Batoidea

Holocephali
3 major evolutionary radiations – what was trend? Fig 5-1, 5-2, 5-3

Cladoselache

Carcharodon
Hybodus
Shark skin - scales and teeth dermal derivatives
Cartilaginous vertebral column with neural and hemal arches and
some calcification. Notochord is replaced

Trunk vertebra
(no hemal arch)
Sensory Systems and Feeding
Olfaction – a flow-through nostril! “smell blood from a kilometer away!”
Touch – water movement via Lateral Line See Figure 4-4
Vision Large eyes with tapetum and nictitating membrane
Electrical – Ampulla of Lorenzini
See Fig 4-7 understand Fig 4-8 experiment
 Mammals Shark brain size
Birds

Sharks
Brain mass

Fish

Body mass
Reproduction – internal fertilization with claspers on male pelvic fins Fig 5-6

Oviparous

Ovoviparous or Viviparous
“Japanese marine park captures rare shark on film”

Ancient??