LEARNING EXPERIENCE

• The pupils will be having a game “arranging the given letter to form the
correct body part of the integumentary system”.
 Integumentary System
• It is the system of the human body that consist of the skin and
other accessory organs.
Structures of the Integumentary System
• Skin (kudil) - is the first protection against external
environment. The skin is the largest organ in the body having a
surface area of approximately 20 sq.ft.
Epidermis
• is the outermost, superficial layer of the skin. It is made
up of 40-50 rows stacked squamous epithelial cells. There
are five layers of Epidermis 9 from the bottom) they are
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum,
stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
Dermis
• is the second layer of the skin. It is composed mostly of
collagen elastic fibers and fat cells. The dermis provides
flexibility, strength, resilience, and protection.
Hypodermic / Subcutaneous Layer
• the layer is made up of loose connective tissues and fats
(adipose tissues). It connects the skin to the organs and
tissues. It provides thermal insulation and serves as
cushion for underlying organs.
 Accessory Structures of the Integumentary
System
• Hair (buok) - the hair is composed of the hair shaft root,
hair follicle, arrector pili, and hair root plexus.
Functions of the Hair
• The hair on the head protects it from sunlight and injury.
• The eyelashes serve a s a protection for the eye.
• Body hair prevents heat loss from the body and also
serves as touch receptors.
Oil Glands (sebaceous glands)
• oil glands are connected to hair follicles and vary in
number throughout the body. They are not present in the
palms of the hand and the soles of the feet. These glands
are activated at the onset of puberty due to hormonal
changes in the body. They secrete an oily substance
called sebum which coats the surface of the hair,
prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin,
and keeps our skin and hair soft and pliable.
Sweat Glands
• there are two kinds of sweat glands eccrine and apocrine
sweat glands. Eccrine glands are found all over the body.
Their secretion is largely made of water and small percent
of dissolved salts and nitrogen wastes and are released
directly into the skin through pores. Apocrine gland is in
the armpit and the pubic region. Their secretions contain
lipids and proteins which make them more viscous. The
secretion is released into the hair follicles.
Nails (kuko)
• nails are tightly-packed dead cells hardened by dense
keratin deposit.
• nails are used for scratching, grasping, digging, and
manipulating objects.
 Functions of the Integumentary System
• Protection – The Integumentary System functions primarily to protect
the body.
• Thermoregulation – Evaporation of sweat has a cooling effect on the
body.
• Excretion – The skin is also an excretory organ. Sweat released by the
body contains urea, ammonia, and salts which are wastes and should
be excreted from the body.
• Sensation – The skin has numerous types of receptors that receive
external stimuli such as pain, pressure and temperature.
• Synthesis of Vitamin D – In the presence of sunlight, sterol that is
present in the skin is activated and converted into Vitamin D, which
plays an important role in the absorption of calcium and regulations of
calcium and phosphate in the bones.
 Diseases of the Integumentary System
Contact Dermatitis
• Or sometimes called “rushes”.
• is mostly caused by allergens that come in contact with the skin causing
itchiness and rashes.
Athletes’ Foot
• It is a common fungal infection of the foot that causes peeling, itching, and
some cases, blisters and sores.
Warts
• these are small, grainy growths on the skin caused by human papilloma
virus. Warts are contagious and may be transferred through skin contact.
Skin Cancer
• this is the most common form of cancer in humans. The main cause of skin
cancer is excessive and constant exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
 Caring for Our Integumentary System
• Drink lots of water to keep the body hydrated.
• Regularly check your skin, hair and nails for any abnormalities.
• Use sunscreen to protect your skin from the damaging rays of the
sun.
• Eat food that are good for your body especially those that are rich
in antioxidants. These are known to be good for the skin.
• Taking a bath every day keeps the skin, hair and nails healthy.
• Keep your skin and hair clean and dry.