ERT 319/By : Madam Rohazita Bahari

Sem 1 2019/2020
INDUSTRIALTREATMENT
QR CODE for ERT 319
 ERT 319/3
 Sinopsis kursus/ Course synopsis:

This course encompasses the physical, chemical and biological

methods in the treatment of wastes especially from bioprocess
industries. It includes the calculations, considerations and designs
of unit operations involved in the primary, secondary and tertiary
waste treatments for those three methods. The landfill and
incineration waste treatment systems are introduced at the second
half of the course. The course ends the overall lectures with waste
management and minimization strategies as an ultimate conclusion
for the waste treatments principles.
 Course Outcome
 At the end of the course, students are expected to be:

 1. Ability to calculate the physical, chemical, and biological

properties of waste material in preserving environmental safety
and sustainable (PO7)

 2. Ability to design the solution in the treatment methods for

particular wastes as engineers role to society (PO 6)

 3. Ability to propose the landfill, incineration waste treatment

and waste management systems in practicing engineering ethics
(PO 8)

 4. Ability to work in a group and individually to perform task on

waste treatment facilities as well as waste management (PO 9)
 Evaluation Contribution
 Sumbangan penilaian/ Evaluation contribution:

 (i) Peperiksaan/ Examination: 70%

 • Midterm Examinations = 20%

 • Final Examination = 50%

 (ii) Penilaian Berterusan/Continual Assessment: 30%

 • Assignments/Quizzes = 10%
 • Integrated Project = 20%
 Waste Treatment

Waste treatment techniques are used to

change the physical, chemical or biological
character of the waste, to reduce its volume
and/or toxicity and to make the waste safer
for disposal
 WASTE ?

"Wastes" are substances or objects which are disposed of or are

intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by
the provisions of national law.

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary

Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, article 2

The goal of effective industrial waste treatment is directed

towards the removal of all contaminants that adversely impact
the water as well as air and land environments.

(Nemerow and Agardy, 1998)

History of waste treatment and
disposal
History of waste treatment and disposal
History of waste
treatment and
disposal
History of waste treatment and disposal
History of waste treatment and disposal
History of waste treatment and disposal
History of waste treatment and disposal
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
Waste Strategy
 Malaysian hazardous waste
management legislation and policy

 In the Environment Quality Act, 1974 as amended,

legislation on hazardous waste management has the
main objective of controlling/regulating waste
generation and improving waste management process
and procedure in Malaysia. The legislation describes
waste management process from generation, storage,
handling, treatment, and final disposal. The EQA, 1974
is the primary legislation upon which other subsidiary
environmental legislations and policies are built. Other
environment regulations are also in place for the
management of hazardous wastes
Malaysian hazardous waste management
legislation and policy

1. Environmental Quality (prescribed activities)

(environmental impact assessment) Order 1987:
This order is established following the dictates of EQA
1974, section 34A. The article 18a of the order is cantered
on waste treatment and disposal of toxic and hazardous
waste outlining the developmental plan and procedure for
sustainable management of hazardous waste. The plans
and procedures are stipulated for the construction of
incineration plants, off-site recovery plants, off-site waste
water treatment plants, secure landfill sites, and off-site
waste storage facilities
Malaysian hazardous waste management
legislation and policy

2. Environmental Quality (scheduled wastes)

Regulations, 1989:

This document contains regulations specifically for

the management of scheduled waste from generation
to final disposal. It classifies the most common
hazardous scheduled wastes generated in Malaysia
and defines a case of incompatible scheduled waste
which is a condition, where a non-hazardous waste
can be treated as hazardous waste. These
regulations have been replaced by Environmental
Quality (scheduled wastes) Regulations, 2005.
Malaysian hazardous waste management
legislation and policy

3. Environmental Quality (prescribed premises)

(scheduled wastes treatment and disposal facilities)
Order, 1989:

The order prescribed the premises occupation or use

a holder of a license issued will cover. The premise
occupation include off-site storage facilities, off-site
treatment facilities, off-site recovery facilities,
scheduled waste incinerators, land treatment
facilities, and secure landfills.
Malaysian hazardous waste management
legislation and policy

4. Environmental Quality (prescribed premises)

(scheduled waste treatment and disposal facilities)
Regulations, 1989:

These regulations support the order 1989 and set

procedure for licensing for prescribed premises
(scheduled waste treatment and disposal facilities).
 Legislation (Current Issues)
 In compliance with the Basel Convention on control of
transboundary hazardous waste, import and export
orders were formulated under the Malaysian Customs
Act, 1967 which prohibits importation or exportation of
hazardous wastes unless with prior written approval
from the Director General of the Department of
Environment. The two orders are as follows:

• Custom (Prohibition of Export) Order (Amendment) (No.

2) 1993 now replaced with Custom (Prohibition of
Export) Order 1998.
• Custom (Prohibition of Import) Order (Amendment) (No.
2) 1993 now replace with Custom (Prohibition of Import)
Order 1998.
 Legislation (Current Issues)
 The Department of Environment of Malaysia does not encourage
the import of hazardous waste into the country. Waste
generators are allowed to export waste for recycling, recovery, or
treatment with prior written approval from the importing state to
discourage abuse of other nations’ rights. On importation of used
electrical and electronics equipment, Malaysia does allow such
importations, provided the products are not older than three
years from manufacturing date following the guideline policies
for the classification of used electrical and electronic equipment
in Malaysia 2008, revised 2010
 Malaysia to send back plastic
waste to foreign nations
Malaysia’s environment minister Yeo Bee Yin
(L) shows a container of plastics waste PUBLISHED TUE, MAY 28 2019
shipment from Australia on May 28, 2019

 Malaysia will send back some 3,000 metric tons

(3,300 tons) of non-recyclable plastic waste to
countries such as
the U.S., U.K., Canada and Australia in a move to
avoid becoming a dumping ground for rich nations,
Environment Minister Yeo Bee Yin said.
 Yeo said Malaysia and many developing countries
have become new targets after China banned the
import of plastic waste last year.
 Yeo said 60 containers stacked with contaminated
waste were smuggled in en route to illegal processing
facilities in Malaysia and will be sent back to their
countries of origin.
 In one case alone, Yeo said a U.K. recycling company
exported more than 50,000 metric tons (55,000 tons)
of plastic waste in about 1,000 containers to Malaysia
over the past two years.
 “This is probably just the tip of the iceberg (due) to the
banning of plastic waste by China,” Yeo told a news
conference. “Malaysia will not be a dumping ground
to the world ... we will fight back. Even though we are
a small country, we can’t be bullied by developed
countries.
 Legislation
• Example: In Malaysia,
– Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent)
Regulations 2009
– Environmental Quality (Clean Air)
Regulations 1978
– Environmental Quality (Control of pollution
from solid waste transfer and landfill)
Regulations 2009
– Environmental Quality (Refrigerant
Management) Regulations 1999
– etc.
FOR MORE INFO, www.doe.gov.my
 Example: treatment of waste (sludge) through
landfilling – comply with Environmental Quality
(Control of pollution from solid waste transfer
and landfill) Regulations 2009.

 Treatment of
scheduled waste – comply with
Environmental Quality (Scheduled waste
treatment and disposal facilities ) Regulations
1989
Towards a secondary resources economy

Waste is first of all an economic concept –

implicit in the word is the fact that resources
are not being used efficiently. There is an
economic loss every time resources are
utilised in a way that results in them being
discarded as waste. If resources can be
saved, recovered or used more efficiently,
there is a net economic gain.
Towards a secondary resources economy

• Waste has value – both social and economic

value
• Moving waste up the hierarchy provides
opportunities for -
• Socio-economic development
• New jobs and businesses
• Maximising resource recovery for downstream
manufacturing growth
• Reduction in the reliance of natural resources,
which are declining
 Opportunities in waste

• Opportunity waste streams

• Organic waste (industrial and agricultural biomass,
municipal organic waste, food waste and sewage)
• Recyclables (metals, plastic, paper, glass, e-waste)
• Large industrial waste streams (power generation &
mining)

• Opportunity areas
• Fastest growth in waste markets expected in
emerging economies (China, India and Latin
America)
Thank You