LEVELS OF DATA

MEASUREMENT
PART 2
MEASUREMENT
THE PROCESS OF
APPLYING NUMBERS TO
OBJECTS ACCORDING TO
A SET OF RULES.
EXAMPLE:

MEASUREMENT
OF HEIGTH
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

* NOMIAL LEVEL * ORDINAL LEVEL

*INTERVAL LEVEL * RATIO LEVEL

NOMIAL LEVEL
ASSIGN NUMBERS TO OBJECT OR EVEN
PEOPLE WHERE DIFFERENT NUMBERS
INDICATE DIFFERENT OBJECTS.
THE NUMBERS HAVE ‘NO REAL
MEANING’ OTHER THAN DIFFRRENTIATING
BETWEEN OBJECTS.
 EXAMPLE:
*BASKETBALL UNIFORM NUMBERS:
-THE NUMBER PROVIDES NO INSIGHT INTO THE
PLAYER’S/ INDIVIDUAL POSITION.
* LRN NUMBER
* SCHOOL ID NUMBER
* ORGANIZATION IN RESEARCH DATA PAPER
 ORDINAL LEVEL
ASSIGN NUMBERS TO OBJECTS
(LIKE NOMIAL), BUT HERE THE NUMBERS ALSO
HAVE MEANINGFUL ORDER FROM OTHER
OBJECT.
 EXAMPLES:
* PLACE FINISHED IN RACE: 1 ST ,2 ND,3 RD,, AND SO ON.
* RANKING IN STUDENTS HONOR.
* RANKING IN CANDIDATES IN ELECTION.

NUMBERS INDICATES PLACEMENT

OR ORDER: FIRST IS BETTER THAN
SECOND, AND SO ON.
INTERVAL LEVEL
NUMBERS HAVE ORDER
(LIKE ORDINAL), BUT THERE
ARE ALSO EQUAL INTERVALS
BETWEEN ADJACENT
CATEGORIES.
EXAMPLES:
METERS INTERVAL TIME INTERVAL IN
50 M CLASS
100 M
+50
6:00 40 MINUTES
150 M
+50 6:40
200 M +50 7:20
8:00
8:40
RATIO LEVEL
DIFFERENCE ARE MEANINGFUL
(LIKE INTERVAL), PLUS RATIOS ARE
MEANINGFUL AND THERE IS A TRUE ZERO
POINT.
 EXAMPLE 1:
* WEIGHT IN KILOGRAM.
20 KL. IS TWISE AS MUCH AS 10 KL. AND
ZERO KL. MEANS NO WEIGHT OR AN
ABSENCE OF WEIGHT (TRUE ZERO POINT).
EXAMPLE:
MEASURING THE:
WEIGHT, AREA, VOLUME,
SPEED, SCORES OF
QUIZES/EXAMS AND
TEMPERATURE
COMPARING THE SCALES
INTERVAL AND ORDINAL

TEMPERATURE: A 1 DEGREE DIFFERENCE IS THE

SAME AT ALL POINTS OF THE SCALE. (INTERVAL)

PLACE IN A RACE (1 ST ,2 ND,3 RD): THE DIFFERENCE IN

FINISHING BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND IS NOT
NECESSARILY ( AND PROBABLY NOT) THE SAME AS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SECOND AND THIRD.
(ORDINAL)
WHAT IS MEASUREMENT
IN OUR LIFE?