SOCIAL GROUPS:

 “LEADERSHIP”

 “CONCEPT OF SOCIETY”

BY: Lester James B. Medina

“LEADERSHIP”
 What is LEADERSHIP?
Leadership is a ubiquitous feature of human societies.
Leadership is a phenomenon of informal personal
relationships
Leadership is a process of influence, an omnipresent feature
of human societies, and an enduring focus of research and
popular interest.
Leadership is learned behavior that becomes unconscious
and automatic over time.
 Two types of leaders normally emerge
from small groups.
EXPRESSIVE LEADERS

-are affiliation motivated. That is, they maintain warm,

friendly relationships. They show concern for members' feelings
and group cohesion and harmony, and they work to ensure that
everyone stays satisfied and happy. Expressive leaders tend to
prefer a cooperative style of management.
 Two types of leaders normally emerge
from small groups.
INSTRUMENTAL LEADERS

-are achievement motivated. That is, they are interested in

achieving goals. These leaders tend to prefer a directive style of
management. Hence, they often make good managers because
they “get the job done.” However, they can annoy and irritate
those under their supervision.
 WHAT SUCCESSFUL LEADERS DO?
Make Others Feel Safe to Speak-Up Properly Allocate and Deploy Talent
 Make Decisions Ask Questions, Seek Counsel
Communicate Expectations Problem Solve; Avoid
Challenge People to Think Procrastination
Positive Energy & Attitude
Be Accountable to Others
Be a Great Teacher
Lead by Example
Measure & Reward Performance  Invest in Relationships
Genuinely Enjoy Responsibilities
Provide Continuous Feedback
“CONCEPT OF SOCIETY”
WHAT IS SOCIETY?
MacIver and Page, (1950) defined “society as a web of relations,
a complex system of usages and procedures, of authority and
mutual aid of many groupings and divisions, of control of human
behaviour and of liberties”.

According to Durkheim, the sociologist defined “it as the

combination of social facts and values, a sense of collective
consciousness for social integration”.
WHAT IS SOCIETY?
August Comte viewed society as a social organism possessing a
harmony of structure and function.

For Talcott Parson Society is a total complex of human

relationships in so far as they grow out of the action in terms of
means-end relationship intrinsic or symbolic.
WHAT IS SOCIETY?
Morris Ginsberg defines society as a collection of individuals
united by certain relations or mode of behaviour which mark
them off from others who do not enter into these relations or
who differ from them in behaviour.

Cole saw Society as the complex of organized associations and

institutions with a community.
WHAT IS SOCIETY?
Society is a word used in routine life with a particular
meaning. Everyone often defines society as an aggregation or
collection of individuals. But in sociology and anthropology,
the term is used in a different sense.

In sociology and anthropology, the term is used in a different

sense. The term “society” refers not just to a group of people
but to a complex pattern of norms of interaction that exist
among them.
WHAT IS SOCIETY?
A society is generally conceived of as a human group which is
relatively large, relatively independent or self-perpetuating in
demographic terms, and which is relatively autonomous in its
organization of social relations.
 WHAT SOCIETY REALLY IS?
A society constitutes of group of individuals who correspond to
different roles and responsibilities taking different positions and
duties. Unlike an individual body, society remains functional and
continues for generations by the random roles and behaviours of the
people through the systematic process of procreation and
orientation. The coordination of different individuals as per the
norms established by the members of society, different societies
have different rules and regulations depending upon the nature of
social structure.
Characteristics of Society
McIver says “society means likeness”. Therefore, likeness is an essential prerequisite of society.
The sense of likeness was focused in early society on kinship, that is, real or supposed blood
relationships.
Society also implies difference but this sense of likeness does not exclude diversity or variation.
Also, it depends on the latter as much as on likeness. All our social systems involve relationships
in which differences complement one another
In addition to likeness, interdependence is another essential element to constitute society
Lastly, cooperation is also essential to constitute society. Without cooperation no society can
exist. Unless people cooperate with each other, they cannot live a happy life. All social
institutions rest on cooperation.
Thank you!!!