CARBONATE ROCKS

Mirzam Abdurrachman
Geology-ITB
 QUIZ (15 MINUTES)
1. Jelaskan bagaimana hubungan antara kelimpahan matriks dan butiran dengan
keberadaan porositas primer?
2. Mengapa porositas rekahan (fracture) semakin berkurang seiring peningkatan
kedalaman?
3. Faktor apakah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan semen?
DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
 CARBONATE GROUPS
• Calcite[CaCO3-Trigonal]
• Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]-Trigonal
• Aragonite (CaCO3-Orthorombik)

Calcite or Aragonite  Limestone

Dolomite  Dolomite or Dolostone
Mixing Calcite/Aragonite with Dolomite  ???

10 50 90
Limestone

Dolomite
Dolomitic Calcitic
Limestone Dolomite

0 100
 IDENTIFICATION OF CARBONATE MINERAL
• Fiegl’s solution (Ag2SO4+MnSo4)
Aragonite (black) vs Calcite (unstained)
• Alizarin Red S
Calcite (red) vs Dolomite (unstained)
• HCl
Calcite (dilute) vs Dolomite (unstained)
 LIMESTONE COMPONENTS
 Carbonate grains
• Skeletal grains
• Ooids
• Peloids
• Intraclast and extraclast

 Micrite

 Sparite
 Micrite (Micro Crystalline Calcite)
• Matrix (<4μm)

 Sparite
• Cement
Biomicrite

Biosparite
Packstone

Grainstone
 DIAGENESIS OF CARBONATE ROCKS
Tucker and Wright (1990):
1. Dissolution
 secondary porosity: moldic, vug and cave.

2. Cementation
 Pore space or fracture

3. Neomorphism
 Aggrading neomorphism
 Degrading neomorphism
4. Dolomitization
 2 CaCO3 + Mg2+  CaMg(CO3)2 + Ca2+

5. Microbial Micritization
 Micritic envelops

6. Compaction
 Mechanical compaction fracture
 Chemical compaction stylolite
• Diagenesis on The Sea Floor
• Diagenesis in The Meteoric Environment
• Diagenesis in The Vadose Zone
• Diagenesis in The Phreatic Zone
• Diagenesis in The Mixing Zone
• Diagenesis in The Telogenetic meteoric environment
• Diagenesis in The Deep Burial Environment