a.

Using Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers,

Explaining Facts an Figures
b. Telling a Process

By. Shaula Febriyoldini Elwan, S.Pd

Explaining Facts and Figures
 1st
Fifty 2nd
3rd
One
4th
Three hundred 5th
Twenty-six 20th
One million 21st
Two thousand and four
48th
100th
A. Cardinal Numbers
The Different Pronunciation between British
English and American English in Numbers

British English American English

• 432 • 432
• Four hundred and thirty two • Four hundred thirty two
• 3,077 • 3,077
• Three thousand and seventy • Three thousand seventy seven
seven • 901
• 901 • Nine hundred one
• Nine hundred and one • 1,345,890
• 1,345,890 • One million three hundred forty
• One million three hundred and five thousand eight hundred
forty five thousand eight hundred ninety
and ninety
B. Ordinal Numbers
Are numbers used to denote position or rank.

Example:
1st - First
2nd - Second
3rd - Third
10th - Tenth
Power ( Pangkat ) and
Root ( Akar)
 Addition and Substraction
Additions( Penambahan )
In small additions, we usually say “and” for + , and
“is or are” for =
In larger additions and in more formal style
additions, we use “plus” or “added by” for +, and
“equals or is” for =
Ex:
2 + 2 = 4  two and two are four
 two plus two is four
9 + 8 = 17  Nine and Eight are Seventeen
 nine added by eight equals seventeen
Substraction ( Pengurangan )
In conversational style, for the operation : 7 – 5
= 2, we say: three from seven leaves/is two. Or
Seven takes away five leaves/is two.
In a more formal style, or dea,ing with larger
numbers, we say minus for – and equals for =
Ex:
619 -428 = 191
Six hundred and nineteen minus four hundred
and twenty-eight equals one hundred and
ninety-one
 Addition and Substraction
Multiplication ( Perkalian ) Division ( Pembagian )
In a small calculations, for example : 3 x 4 = 12,
the most common way is to say:
The simple way to say ( : ) or ( / )  divided by
“three fours are twelve” The simple way to say ( = )  equals
In larger calculations, there are two ways to say
the operations.
a. By using times for X Ex.
b. By using is / makes for = 261 : 9 = 29
And in more formal style, we say: Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine
equals twenty-nine
a. Multiplied by for X
b. Equals for = But in smaller calculations, we may say:
Ex: 9 : 3 = 3  Three into nine goes three
3 x 71 = 213
12 : 2 = 6  two into twelve goes six
- Three times seventy-one makes two hundred
and thirteen
- Three multiplied by seventy-one equals two
hundred and thirteen
C. Fraction
Measurements
Telling a Process
Describing Process
• Process  How something happens, take places
 Often uses PASSIVE tense

• Procedure  Giving Directions or Instructions

 Usually in Active Voice
 PROCESS
Describing a process means writing about how something is made or
how something happens. Examples: the rainwater cycle, how coffee is
grown, how glass is made, getting a driving license, starting a business
• Writing: Describing a Process 1
• Writing about a Process 1
• In this section, you have to write 150 words about how something is
made or how something works. You have 30 minutes to write these
essays
• If you write less than 135 words, you will lose a quarter of a band, so
always check the number of words. It could make the difference
between a pass and a fail.
• In the period up to the first progress test you need to write at band
5.25. This will get you 67%. After the first progress test, you will need
to write at band 5.5. This will get you 67%.
Paragraph 1 introduces the topic. Write two sentences. They should say what you are going to do.
• In this essay, I will describe how paper is made.
• I will now explain how a photocopier works.
• Building a road is a long process, but it can be divided into four main stages.

Paragraph 2 will explain the process or procedure. This is the longest paragraph.
• The first stage in making glass is … In this stage, the sand is cleaned and weighed…Next….After that….In the final stage, the
glass is….

Paragraph 3 is the conclusion. It will summarize your ideas. Write two sentences
• As you can see, paper manufacture is a difficult process. If you follow the steps described then you will be successful.
• As I have described, there are many steps involved in supplying water to a city. By using the step by step approach outlined
above you can make sure of a sfe supply.

Important!
• When writing steps or describing a process, you can use the Active or Passive
• Active: The farmer sends the milk to the factory.
• Passive: The milk is sent to the factory.
 How to Make Bread
Bread is eaten in most parts of the world, but not everyone
knows how to bake it. I am going to show you how the steps involved in
baking bread.
First, measure the correct amount of flour and warm water. Next,
mix the flour and water together in a mixing bowl. Add yeast, salt and
sugar. Next, knead the mixture until it feels almost dry. Leave the
mixture for about an hour in a warm place. It will grow in size. After
this, knead the mixture again. Make sure the mixture is not sticky when
you touch it. Then leave the dough in a baking tin for about an hour to
give it time to rise. Finally, the dough is put into a preheated oven for
about forty minutes
it can be seen that making bread is not difficult as long as the
correct procedure is followed. You will love the taste and smell of your
freshly-baked bread!
Practice - Process
• Orange juice
• Making Rendang
• How Computer can run easily
• Making Jellybeans
• How to operate the fan
• How Letters are sorted
• How to build railway
• Describe how to get a passport
• How Ice Cream is made
• How the Pyramids were built
Practice - Procedure
• how to send an email/text message/fax
• how to get a passport/driving licence/ID card/visa
• how to register a car/birth/wedding
• how to use an ATM machine/photocopier/
• how to get good grades in an exam/course
• how to apply for a telephone/mobile
• how to find an apartment
• how to book a holiday
• how to prepare for a desert trip/fishing trip
• how to cook a meal/dish
• how to park a car/change a tyre/maintain a car
• Mohon maaf lahir batin : please forgive my false /fault
• Ngabuburit : Pass the time before maghrib / Killing time before magrib
• Kurma : Date fruit
• Buka Puasa : fast-breaking / break my fast
• Sholat Subuh; down prayer
• Ganti puasa : make up the fast
• Magrib : dust prayer
• Sahur : pre-down meal
• Bau mulut : my breath smells
• Bulan puasa : fasting month
• Acara Buka puasa / buka puasa bersama : fast-breaking event
• Imsak : Imsaak