CHARGING STATION

FOR HEV
USING SOLAR ENERGY
GUIDED BY:. REPRESENTED BY:
ASST.PROF M.K.SHARMA. PRASHANT KUMAR 1601227575
RAHUL BANERJEE. 1601227577
. RAHUL KUMAR. 1601227578
RAJNISH RAJAN. 1601227579
D.MILLAN. 1601227681
CONTENTS :

• INTRODUCTION
• PRESENT SCENARIO OF CHARGING STATION
• OBJECTIVES
• WORKING
• COMPONENTS
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION

• An electric vehicle charging station, also called EV charging

station, electric recharging point, charging point, charge
point, ECS (electronic charging station), and EVSE (electric vehicle
supply equipment), is an element in an infrastructure that supplies
electric charging for the recharging of plug in electric vehicles —
including electric cars and plug in hybrids.
• India has only 162 public charging stations but none of the charging
station are using renewable resources to charge the battery.
PRESENT SCENARIO OF CHARGING STATION:
• Mainly the charging station are using the energy either from thermal power
plant or hydro electric plant which is not the goal of sustainable future.
• Climate change and the scarcity of raw materials are the leading
causes of our changing consumer behavior – characterized by a
stronger sense of environmental responsibility.
• Supporting the Indian Government's 'National electric mobility mission', Tata
Power established the first set of Electric Vehicle charging stations in Mumbai -
India's financial capital.
OBJECTIVES :

• Electric Vehicles (EV) are the future of transport.

• With the ever-rising pollution and its detrimental effect on the
environment, there has been a large scale paradigm shift towards
EV’s.
• A perennial obstacle faced by most EV manufacturers and consumers
is the availability of a plug point for charging when on the go. There
definitely is a need to move from the GRID based charging stations to
standalone off grid solutions for charging.
• The key to solving this issue is to harness the abundant solar
renewable energy that is available.
• Owing an electic car that is charged by solar power system is an
excellent way to ensure your transportation is both cost efficient
and emission free.
• Life cycle of a battery used in hev is also an important factor in
determining the efficiency of the hev.
• Life cycle of battery can be increased by maintaining the
temperature ( resolving the problem of overheating) by supplying
constant current for various period of time.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER:
WORKING OF DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER:

• A Boost converter is used in renewable energy systems to step up unregulated

dc voltage to a higher constant output voltage required by loads and
batteries.
• The design and development of boost converter is mainly concern of its
efficiency , output power and ease of design .
• Renewable energy such as solar and wind uses boost converter as a medium
of power transmission to perform energy absorption and injection to loads
and batteries.
• The process of energy absorption and injection is oerformed by a combination
of four components which are inductor ,electronic switch ,diode and output
capacitor.
• The process of energy absorption and injection will constitute a switching
cycle. In other words,the average output voltage is controlled by the switch on
and off duration.
• At constant switching frequency, adjusting the on and off duration of the
switch is called pulse width modulation switching.
• The boost converter can be operated in continous conduction mode and
discontinous conduction mode.
• Under continuous conduction mode it is divided into two mode. Mode 1 begins
when the switch is turned on at t=t(on) . The input current which rises flows
through inductor L and switch opens.
• Mode 2 begins when the switch is turned off t=t(off) . The current that was
flowing through the switch would now flow through inductor L , through diode
D, output capacitor C and load R.
• The inductor current falls until the switch is turned on again in the next cycle
.Energy store in the inductor is transferred to the load. Therefore the output
voltage is greater than the input voltage
• In order to operate the converter in continous conduction mode, the inductance
is calculated such that the inductor current flows continously and never fails to
zer

• The output capacitance to give the desired output voltage is given by

• In this project , boost converter operated in continuous conduction moode is
design to step up a fluctuating or variable input voltage to a higher constant
output voltage of 24V.
• The range of duty cycle is between 0-0.75 due to instability cause by the
parasitic components.
Sl.no MODE RATING

1. Power Rating 100W

2. Output voltage 24V

3. Output current 4.2A

4. Switching frequency 20KHz

5. Input voltage 6-23V

• In order to produce a constant output voltage ,voltage feedback control
system is used . In this control system output voltage will be measured and
compared with a reference voltage and the differential value is used to
produce a pulse width modulation signal .
• Any changes in output voltage will lead to changes of duty cycle in pulse
width modulation signal .
• To produce a set of pulse width modulation signal a microcontroller is used
PIC16F877 microcontroller is selected as it is having a successive
approximationanalog to digital converter comparator and pulse width
modulation generator. Pulse width modulation signal with frequency 20KHz
can be generated when PIC16F877 is driven be a 20 MHz clock cycle.
ALGORITHM:
COMPONENTS:
Sl.no COMPONENTS RATING

1 SOLAR PANEL 16V , 100 W

2 ELECTRONIC SWITCH IRF540N

3 INDUCTOR 2.5 mH

4 DIODE MBR1060

5 CAPACITOR 940micro Farad

6 RESISTANCE 5.76 ohm

7 BATTERY INDICATOR 12-24V

8 OP-AMP IC741

9 VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7805

CURRENT REGULATOR:
• Current regulation is usually about keeping the current that’s being supplied
constant, irrespective of variations in load resistance or input voltage.
• The operation of a current regulator is similar to that of th Voltage regulator with
the major difference being the parameter they regulate and the quantity they
vary to supply their output.
• In voltage regulators, the current is varied to achieve the required voltage level,
while current regulators usually involve variations in voltage/resistance to
achieve the required current output.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CURRENT REGULATOR:
WORKING OF CURRENT REGULATOR:
• The variable resistor in the circuit is used to represent the actions of a current
regulator.
• We will assume the variable resistor is automated and can auto-adjust its own
resistance.
• When the circuit is powered, the variable resistor adjusts its resistance to
compensate for changes in the current due to variation in load resistance or
voltage supply.
CONCLUSION
• In the face of rising CO2 emissions and increasingly scarce fossil fuel
resources, electromobility is taking the lead in creating an integrated climate,
energy and mobility strategy for our changing society.
• Mobility is a basic human need. It represents freedom and independence, as
well as a defining element of our globalized society.
• The boost converter is able to produce a constant output voltage of 24V
from a variable of input voltage. PIC16F877 microcontroller is able to
perform the voltage feedback control technique.
• With this project we are able to enhance the efficiency of the hev by
controlling the current supplying to the battery at certain interval of time thus
maintaining the temperature normal for better efficiency.
• The consumer of hev will be attracted to this type of charging station which is
cost efficient and enhancing thr battery life.
REFERENCES:

• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
• Circuitdigest.com
• Wikipedia
THANK YOU