RCC Staircase

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
STRENGHT
Able to support for movement between floors, including dead and imposed
load.
SAFETY IN USE
Comply with the Building Regulation in determining the rise, thread, headroom
and dimensions of the handrails and guarding.
Should be constructed of materials that are capable of maintaining strength and
stability for a period of time sufficient to escape to the outside.
FIRE SAFETY
The steps and the width should be adequate for the safe escape to the outside.

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS
 Provide an access from one floor to another.
 Provide a safe means of travel between floors.
 Provide a degree of insulation where part of a separating element between
compartments in a building.
 Provide an easy mean of travel between floors.
 Provide a suitable means of escape in case of fire.
 Provide a mean of conveying fittings and furniture between floor levels.
R.C.C. STAIRS

Reinforced concrete is perhaps the most suitable of all the said materials for the
construction of stairs.

Advantages:

• They have requisite fire resisting qualities to a great extent

• They are durable, strong, pleasing in appearance and can be easily rendered non-
slippery.
• They can be designed for greater widths, longer spans and any height.
• They can be moulded in any desired form to suit the requirements of the
architect.
• They can be easily cleaned.
• The cost of maintenance is almost nil.
• They can be pre-cast or cast-in-situ.
• To change their appearance, R.C.C. stairs can be covered/finished with thin slabs
of stone, marble tiles or terrazzo finish.
DESIGN PRINCIPLE AND SUPPORT
SYSTEM:

The choice of the type of stair to be

adopted depends very much upon the
size of the staircase hall and the loading
condition the size of the staircase hall and
the loading condition.

DIFFERENT STAIR ARRANGEMENT IN

CASE OF R.C.C.

 Single Straight Flight Stairs

 Inclined Slab Stairs With Half Space
Landings
 String Beam Stairs
 Cranked Slab Stairs
 Cantilever Stairs
 Spiral Stairs
SINGLE STRAIGHT FLIGHT STAIRS:

 Although simple in design and

construction is not popular
because of the plan space it
occupies
 The flight behaves as simply
supported slab, spanning from
landing to landing.
 The effective span/total horizontal
going is usually taken as landing
edge to edge by providing a down
stand edge beam to each landing.
 If these edge beams are not
provided, the effective span would
betaken as overall of the landings,
resulting in a considerably
increased bending moment and
hence more reinforcement
INCLINED SLAB STAIRS WITH HALF
SPACE LANDINGS: (STAIR WITH SLAB
SPANNING LONGITUDINALLY)

This type of stairs gives more compact

plan layout and better circulation
than the single straight flight stairs.

The half space or 180 degree turn

landing is introduced at the midpoint
of the total rise, giving equal flight
spans, thus reducing the effective
span hence reducing bending
moment considerably.

In most designs, the landings span

crosswise on to a load bearing wall or
beam and the flights span from
landing to landing.
The point of intersection of the soffits to the
flights with the landing soffits can be detailed
in any of two ways:

1) Intersection of soffits in line, but nosing

out of line in the plan
2) Intersection of flights and landing soffits
are out of line on the underside but the
nosing in line on plan
STRING BEAM STAIRS: (STAIR WITH SLAB SPANNING HORIZONTALLY)

 In this category, the slab is supported on one side by side wall or stringer beam and the
other side by a stringer beam
 I.e. a string or edge beam is used to span from landing to landing to resist bending
moment with the steps spanning horizontally.
 In this case, the waist slab is thinner and an overall saving in the concrete volume
required can be achieved, but this saving in material is usually offset by the extra
formwork cost required for string beam.

 The string beam can be either up stand or down stand in

format and can be on both sides if stairs are free standing.
 Each step is designed as spanning horizontally with the
bending moment equal to wll/8, where w is the uniformly
distributed load per unit area on the step, inclusive of the
self weight.
 Sometimes, for wider steps, a central string beam spanning
between the end walls or column is provided on which the
stairs slab is supported.
 The waist slab is designed as slab cantilevering from both
the sides of the string beam
CRANCKED SLAB STAIRS:

The stair is constructed as a cranked (bent) slab

spanning from landing to flight and to landing
with no side supports.

These stairs are very often used as a very special

feature since the half space has no visible
support being designed as a cantilever slab.

Bending, Buckling and torsion stresses are

induced with this form of design creating the
need for the reinforcement to both faces of the
landing and the waist slab.

Hence the amount of reinforcement required is

high which can sometimes create site problem
with regards to placing and compacting the
concrete.

This type of construction is done when the

landings can not gain support on each side of
stair.
Disadvantage – expensive
CANTILEVER STAIRS:

 They are also called spine wall stairs.

 They consist of a central vertical wall

from which the flights and half space
landings are cantilevered.

 The wall provides a degree of fire

resistance between the flights and is
therefore used mainly for the escape
stairs. Since both flights and landings are
cantilevered the reinforcement is placed
in the top of the flight slab and in the
upper surface of the landing to
counteract the induced negative
moment.

 The plan arrangement can be a single

straight flight or two flights with half
landing
CANTILEVER STAIRS
R.C.C.SPIRAL AND HELICAL STAIRS:

 Mainly used as accommodation stairs in the foyers

of prestige buildings such as theatres, banks,
commercial complexes etc.

 Can be expensive to construct- normally at least

seven times the cost of conventional stairs.

 The plan shape is generally based on a circle; it is

also possible to design an open spiral stair with an
elliptical core, which is known as helical stairs.

 The spiral can be designed around a central large

diameter circular column where the steps are
cantilevered from that, or in case of helical stairs,
can be designed as open circular well.
 A large amount of steel reinforcement is used to
resist the bending moment, shear force and
torsional moment.

 The continuous slab varies in thickness from top

to bottom- less at top and increasing at the
bottom

 There are two or three sets of reinforcement

with top and bottom layer in each: –
 Continuous bars running the length of the
spiral
 Cross or radial bars
 Diagonal bars laid tangential in two
directions to the inner curve.
PRECAST CONCRETE STAIR:

 Can be produced to most of the

formats used for insitu RC stair.

 Seldom used because of the majority

using cast in-situ method. Common
use for aesthetic reason.

 Advantages –
 good quality control of finished
product
 no formwork thus no storage
required and save the site space
 stair can be installed at any time,
thus the stair shaft can be used
for other purposes e.g. for lifting
or hoisting space
 Hoisting, positioning and fixing
of stair can be carried out by
semi-skilled worker.