Family Planning Method

Condom

 What is condom?
-A condom is a fine barrier which is rolled on to the penis before sex. It is
used as a barrier to stop sperm and infection passing between sexual
partners. It is usually made of rubber
 Why use condom?
-They help protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections
(STI’s) including HIV which can lead to AIDS. Partners share responsibility for
safer sex and contraception.
 How safe are condoms?
-If used correctly every time you have sex, condoms provide very good
protection from pregnancy and infection.
-Studies prove safety of condoms
-Reduce risk of STIs
WHY DO CONDOMS SLIP OR BREAK?

 Not put on correctly.

 Torn by fingernails, jewellery or teeth.
 Not enough lubrication (wetness) during sexual intercourse.
 Wrong lubricant is used.
 Prolonged or very vigorous sexual intercourse.
 Penis goes soft before withdrawal.
 Condom slips off during withdrawal.
 Rubber loses its strength when condoms are kept in a warm place like a glovebox
or hip pocket.
 Rubber loses its strength because the condoms are past “use by” date.
 Rubber is damaged by some thrush treatments (clotrimazole is least likely to
damage condoms).
Female condom or Internal condom
 WHAT IS AN INTERNAL CONDOM?
-The internal condom is a pouch that is used during intercourse to prevent
pregnancy. It also reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) It
has flexible rings at each end – one end is closed and the other is open.
 HOW DO INTERNAL CONDOMS WORK?
- Internal condoms cover the inside of the vagina and collect pre-cum and
semen during ejaculation. This keeps sperm from entering the vagina.
 HOW EFFECTIVE ARE INTERNAL CONDOMS?
- The internal condom is more effective when it is used correctly every time,
like all contraceptive methods.
 HOW SAFE ARE INTERNAL CONDOMS?
- Almost everyone can use internal condoms safely – they can be used by just
about anyone who can use a tampon. They are also safe to use during anal
sex.
Oral Contraceptives
 WHAT IS IT?
- It is a pill you take every day to stop getting pregnant
- The combined pill contains the hormones oestrogen and progestogen.
 HOW DOES IT WORK?
- Oestrogen and progestogen stop eggs being made, so no egg is released from
the ovary.
 HOW WELL DOES IT WORK?
- This pill is normally 92% effective. This means 8 in 100 people will get
pregnant each year.
- It can be 99% effective if it’s taken correctly and continuously.
 WHEN DO I TAKE IT?
- t is best to take this pill at the same time every day. You could set the alarm
on your phone to remind you. If you are less than 12 hours late taking your
pill it’s still OK.
Hormonal ring or Vaginal ring
 WHAT IS A VAGINAL RING?
- A vaginal ring is a contraceptive ring which sits inside the vagina. It contains
two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen and stops ovaries from releasing an
egg each month.
- The vaginal ring is inserted into the vagina on the first day of a menstrual
cycle and stays in place for three weeks in a row and is then removed during
the period.
- A new ring is inserted on the first day of the next menstrual cycle.
 CAN I STILL GET PREGNANT?
- With typical use, about eight in every 100 people using the vaginal ring will
get pregnant each year. When used correctly however, the chance of you
getting pregnant with a vaginal ring is less than 1%.
 ARE THERE ANY HEALTH CONCERNS?
- There is a very small chance of blood clots, heart attacks and strokes. These
concerns are more likely in people over 35 who smoke, are overweight or
have a family history of these conditions.
Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
 WHAT IS AN INTRA UTERINE DEVICE (IUD)?
- An IUD is a small, T-shaped object that goes inside your uterus.
- There are two types of IUDs:
* Copper IUD - contains copper, a type of metal
* Hormonal IUD – contains the hormone progestogen
- The IUD is put in your uterus by an experienced nurse or doctor. This is
simple and safe. The procedure itself takes about 5 to 10 minutes, but your
appointment will take about 30 minutes. During this time, the nurse or doctor
will explain how the insertion is done and will give you instructions about
what to expect once your IUD is in place.
 HOW DOES IT WORK?
- The hormones or the copper stop the sperm reaching the egg. Sometimes,
sperm does reach the egg (fertilisation) so the IUD stops the egg from
attaching to the wall of the uterus.
 HOW WELL DOES IT WORK?
- Copper and hormonal IUDs are at least 99% effective. Only 1 in 100 people
will get pregnant each year.
Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
 CAN I GET PREGNANT AFTER THE IUD IS TAKEN OUT?
-Yes, you will be able to get pregnant as soon as the IUD is taken out.
-Pregnancy is very rare with an IUD in place. If you do get pregnant with an
IUD in, there is no extra risk for your baby, but there is a risk of complication
in the pregnancy. If you think you might be pregnant, talk with your doctor as
soon as possible. It may be best to remove the IUD.
 WHO CAN GET AN IUD?
-Most people can use an IUD, including those who are young and those who
have not had children
-Hormonal IUDs are a really good option if you have heavy periods. You may
be eligible for a subsidy (this would mean you get the hormonal IUD for a
much lower cost) if your iron levels are very low. In this case, you will need a
pre-IUD appointment to arrange for this testing before you have your
appointment to have your hormonal IUD inserted. Please note that from 1
November 2019, hormonal IUDs will be free so this subsidy will no longer
apply.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES?
 Long acting – it lasts for up to 10 years
 Reversible – you can choose to have it taken out at any time. After that, you will be able to
get pregnant again
 99% effective – it works very well
 You don’t need to think about contraception every day
 Does not affect breastfeeding
 Does not get in the way of sex
 The copper IUD does not contain any hormones
 The copper IUD can also be used as emergency contraception
 The hormonal IUD has a very small amount of hormones and most people have no side effects
from this
 The Mirena (a hormonal IUD) can help with period bleeding and pain, and most will have light
bleeding or no periods at all.
-Studies show that IUDs do NOT cause pimples, headaches, sore breasts, nausea, mood
changes, loss of sex drive or weight gain. There is no evidence of an extra risk of cancer.
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES?
 Some people feel pain, cramps or dizziness when the IUD is put in or taken
out.
 There are some risks from having an IUD put in:
 There is a small risk of infection (about 1%) when an IUD is put in
 There is a very small risk of damage to the uterus (about 1 in 1000 people)
 A copper IUD might give you more bleeding and cramping during your period,
but this usually gets better over time
 The copper IUD can cause an allergic reaction, but this is very rare
 The hormonal IUD might give you irregular or light bleeding
 The IUD can sometimes come out by itself (about 5% of all IUDs). You can
check the strings are still in the right place at any time.
Contraceptive injection or Depo Provera
Injection
 WHAT IS DEPO PROVERA?
-Depo Provera is a contraceptive injection containing progestogen. It is
commonly referred to as “the injection” or "DP".
-Progestogen is similar to one of the hormones produced naturally in the
ovaries. The injection is given every 12 weeks.
 HOW DOES IT WORK?
-It prevents pregnancy by stopping the ovaries releasing an egg each month.
There are also changes to the lining of the womb (endometrium).
 HOW WELL DOES IT WORK?
-Typically, Depo Provera is 97% effective. This means three out of 100 people
using depo provera will get pregnant each year.
 CAN I STILL BECOME PREGNANT AFTER STOPPING THE INJECTIONS?
-Your natural fertility can take some time to return to normal. On average
this will be six months but it can take up to one year.