FLUID MECHANICS KELOMPOK 1

Abella Tria 1606825290

Aziza Nurul Fitri 1606834131
Jessica 1606876765
Jessica Adeline Soedarsono 1606879943
Samantha Suryo 1606905241
Tetra Mutiara 1606828841
SOAL NO. 1
For a control volume shown in figure, determine the air volume
flowrate entering through surface 3-4. The entering profile at 1-4 is
𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2
uniform. The exiting profile at 2-3 is parabolic =2 − .
𝑈 𝛿 𝛿
The free stream velocity over a thin flat plate of width of 0,3 m is
U=2,7 m/s. The plate is 1 m long. Find force in x direction to hold
the plate. Momentum rate entering surface 3-4 is assumed to be
mass rate entering the surface times U. 𝛿=12,7 mm
DIKETAHUI
U=2,7 m/s
𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2
=2 − exiting profile 2-3
𝑈 𝛿 𝛿
b=0,3 m
L=1 m
𝛿=12,7 mm
𝜌= 1,1614 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
DITANYA
𝑣ሶ
D(x)
ASUMSI
■ Momentum rate entering surface 3-4 is assumed to be mass rate entering the surface x
U
■ Pressure uniform
 𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 𝜃 ..... (1)
𝛿𝑢 𝑢
dimana 𝜃 = ‫׬‬0𝑈
1 − 𝑈 𝑑𝑦 , sehingga
𝛿𝑢 𝑢
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 ‫׬‬0 1− 𝑑𝑦
𝑈 𝑈
𝛿
𝑢 𝑢 2
𝐷= 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2න − 𝑑𝑦
0 𝑈 𝑈
𝛿
𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑦 2 2
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 න 2 − − 2 − 𝑑𝑦
0 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
𝛿
2
𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 𝑦 4
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 න 2 − − 4 −4 + 𝑑𝑦
0 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
𝛿
2
𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 𝑦 4
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 න 2 −5 +4 − 𝑑𝑦
0 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
𝛿
2
2 𝑦 4 1
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 න 𝑦 − 5 2 𝑦 + 3 𝑦 − 4 𝑦 4 𝑑𝑦
2 3
0 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
2 1 2 5 1 4 1 1 1
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈2 𝑦 − 2 𝑦 3 + 3 𝑦 4 − 4 𝑦 5 ]𝛿0
𝛿 2 𝛿 3 𝛿 4 𝛿 5
1 2 5 1 1
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 𝑦 − 2 𝑦 3+
3 𝑦 4−
4 𝑦 5 ]𝛿0
𝛿 3𝛿 𝛿 5𝛿
5 1
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 𝛿 − 𝛿 + 𝛿 − 𝛿
3 5
2
𝐷 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 𝛿
15
 𝑘𝑔 2
𝐷 = 1,1614 3 (0,3𝑚) 2,7 m/s 2 12,7 × 10−3 𝑚
𝑚 15
𝐷 = 4,3 × 10−3 𝐾𝑔𝑚/𝑠 2
Drag force adalah kehilangan momentum akibat friksi. Untuk menanggulangi
kehilangan momentum maka ada momentum yang masuk ke permukaan 3-4
(berdasarkan hukum konservasi momentum)
Maka, momentum yang masuk = drag force
D = momentum rate entering surface 3-4 x U
*disebutkan di soal bahwa momentum yang masuk = mass rate entering surface 3-4 x
U
𝐷 4,3 ×10−3 𝐾𝑔𝑚/𝑠 2
mass rate entering surface 3-4 = = = 1,59 × 10−3 Kg/s
𝑈 2,7 m/s
mass rate entering surface 3−4 1,5 9 ×10−3Kg/s −3 𝑚3
𝑣ሶ = = =1,37 × 10
𝜌 1,1614 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 𝑠
SOAL NO. 2
A viscous solution containing particles of density 𝜌𝑟 =
𝑘𝑔
1461 3 and of various sizes is to be clarified by centrifugation.
𝑚
𝑘𝑔
The solution density 𝜌 = 801 3 , and its viscosity is 100 cp.
𝑚
The centrifuge has a bowl with 𝑟2= 0.02225 𝑚, 𝑟1 = 0.00716
m, and height b = 0,197 m. Calculate the smallest diameter of
particles which reach the bowl wall if N = 23000 rev/min and
𝑚3
the flow rate q = 0.002832 . The residence time 𝑡𝑟 is equal
ℎ
to the volume of liquid V 𝑚3 in the bowl divided by the feed
𝑚3
volumetric flow rate q in The volume V = 𝜋𝑏(𝑟22 − 𝑟12 ) .
.
𝑠
Assume stokes’ law applies.
Diketahui
ρr = 1461 kg/m3 b = 0.197 m
q = 0.002832 m3/h
ρ = 801 kg/m3
N = 23000 rev/min
μ = 100 cp
𝑉
𝑡𝑟 =
r2 = 0.02225 m 𝑞
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑏(𝑟22 − 𝑟12 )
r1 = 0.00716 m

3 1ℎ 3
𝑞 = 0.002832 𝑚 ൗℎ × = 7.87 × 10−7 𝑚 ൗ𝑠
3600𝑠

𝑘𝑔
10−3 ൗ𝑚. 𝑠 kg
𝜇 = 100 𝑐𝑝 × = 0.1 ൗ𝑚. 𝑠
1 𝑐𝑝

2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋. 23000

𝜔= = = 2408.554 𝑟𝑎𝑑ൗ𝑠
60 60
Asumsi:
Partikel berbentuk bola
Gerak partikel mengikuti hukum stokes
Tidak ada percepatan pada partikel

𝜋 3 𝜋 𝑑𝑟 𝜋 𝑑 2𝑟
Gaya Drag force 𝑑 𝜌𝑟 𝑟𝜔2 − 𝑑3𝜌𝑟𝜔2 − 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 = 𝑑3 ρ𝑟
Apung 6 6 𝑑𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡

Gaya sentrifugal Drag Force

Gaya sentrifugal
Gaya apung Massa X percepatan

𝜋 3 2
𝑑𝑟 𝜋 3 𝑑 2 𝑟
𝑑 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔 − 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 = 𝑑 ρ𝑟
6 𝑑𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡

𝜋 3 𝑑𝑟
6
𝑑 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2 = 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑟 𝜔2 𝑟𝐷𝑝 2 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌
=
𝑑𝑡 18𝜇
 𝑑𝑟 18 𝜇 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑡 = =
𝜔 2 𝑟𝐷𝑝 2 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌 𝜔 2 𝑟𝐷𝑝 2 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌
18 𝜇
𝑡𝑟 𝑟2
18 𝜇 𝑑𝑟
න 𝑑𝑡 = 2 න
0 𝜔 𝑟𝐷𝑝 2 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌 𝑟1 𝑟
18 𝜇 𝑟2
𝑡𝑟 = 2 2 ln
𝜔 𝐷𝑝 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌 𝑟1
𝑉
Dimana 𝑡𝑟 =
𝑞
𝑉 18𝜇 𝑟2
= 2 2 ln
𝑞 𝜔 𝐷𝑝 (𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌) 𝑟1
Dimana 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑏 𝑟2 2 − 𝑟1 2

𝜋𝑏 𝑟2 2 − 𝑟1 2 18𝜇 𝑟2
= 2 2 ln
𝑞 𝜔 𝐷𝑝 (𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌) 𝑟1

𝑟2
18𝜇𝑞 ln
𝑟1
𝐷𝑝 2 =
𝜔 2 𝐷𝑝 2 𝜌𝑟 − 𝜌 [𝜋𝑏 𝑟2 2 − 𝑟1 2 ]

𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 0,02225 𝑚
18 0,1 7,87𝑥10−7 ln
𝑚. 𝑠 𝑠 0,00716 𝑚
𝐷𝑝 2 = 2
𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
2408.554 1461 − 801 𝜋(0,1970 𝑚) (0,02225 𝑚)2 −(0,00716 𝑚)2
𝑠 𝑚3 𝑚3
Kesimpulan

𝐷𝑝 2 = 3,678 × 10−9 𝑚2
𝑫𝒑 = 𝟔, 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎
Terima kasih
 𝑀𝐴𝑆𝑆 𝐵𝐴𝐿𝐴𝑁𝐶𝐸
𝑚14 − 𝑚34 −𝑚23 = 0

𝑚14 = 𝑚23 + 𝑚34

𝑚14 = 𝜌𝐴𝑢 = 𝜌𝑏𝛿𝑈
𝛿
𝑚23 = 𝜌𝑏 න 𝑢 𝑑𝑦
0
𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑦 2
Dimana, = 2 − sehingga u = 𝑈 2 −
𝑈 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
𝛿
𝑦 𝑦2
𝑚23 = 𝜌𝑏 න 𝑈(2 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
0 𝛿 𝛿
𝛿
𝑦2 𝑦3
𝑚23 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 2 −
2𝛿 3𝛿 2 0
1
𝑚23 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈(𝛿 − 𝛿)
3
2
𝑚23 = 𝜌𝑏𝑈 𝛿
3
Kembali ke Mass Balance
𝑚14 − 𝑚34 −𝑚23 = 0
2
𝜌𝑏𝛿𝑈 − 𝑚34 − 𝜌𝑏𝑈 𝛿 = 0
3
𝑚34 = 1,475 × 10−3 kg/s
𝑚34 𝑚3
𝑣34 = = 1,27 × 10−3
𝜌 𝑠