DEMOGRAPHY

(STUDY OF POPULATION)

Dr Muhammad Saeed Raza

Lecturer
Department of Community Medicine
Sargodha Medical College (UOS)
 DEMOGRAPHY
• Demos – People Graphy - Measurement
“Scientific study of human population”
• POPULATION is the number of person occupying a certain
geographic area drawing substance from their habitat and
interacting with one another.
• HABITAT is natural home(natural environment of an organism).
• It focus on
(a) change in population size (growth or decline)
(b) composition of population(age , sex , etc)
(c) distribution of population
• It deals with`5’ “demographic processes”
(a) fertility
(b) mortality
(c) marriage
(d) migration
(e) social mobility
• SOURCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
In Pakistan main source of demographic data are
1. Population census
2. Surveys
3. Registration of vital events (births and deaths)

IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY & DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

Demographic data provide a basis for predicting future trends &
making decisions.
It is also important for formulation, implementation & evaluation
of plan ,policies & programs.
It guide to policy makers to make policies that can fulfill the
needs of various sector of society such as young ,adult, & aged,
unemployed, poor & various cultural group.
 DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE

STAGE 3
LATE
EXPANDING

STAGE 2: STAGE 4:
EARLY LOW
EXPANDING STATIONARY

STAGE 1:
STAGE 5:
HIGH DECLINING
STATIONARY
 STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
STAGES BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE EXAMPLES

STAGE 1 HIGH Subcontinent

STATIONARY was in this
stage in 1920

STAGE 2 EARLY Southasia ,

EXPANDING Africa

STAGE 3 LATE India , China

EXPANDING and Europe

STAGE 4 LOW UK , Denmark ,

STATIONARY Sweden and
Belgium
STAGE 5 DECLINING Germany
,Hungary
 Fertility

Social
Mortality
mobility
Demographic
process

Migration Marriage
POPULATION VITAL
STATISTICS STATISTICS

Size Birth Rate

Density Death Rate

Sex Ratio Growth Rate

Life
Dependency
expectancy at
Ratio
birth

Mortality $
fertility rate
• FERTILITY
Total number of children borne by a women at a point
of time during her child bearing age (15 to 45 years)
Total fertility rate(TFR) gives an idea of total family size.
• FAMILY SIZE
 Duration of marriage
 Education of couple
 No of live births
 Contraception method
 Socio economic status
 DEPENDENCY RATIO
• Total Dependency Ratio = Children 0-14 Years of age +population more than 65 Years And Above * 100
population of 15 To 64 Years

• FOR THE YEAR 2010 :

Young age dependency ratio -47.9%
Old age dependency ratio - 7.7%
 MIGRATION
• Migration affects population patterns

IMMIGRATION Happens when one enters the

country of destination but not permanently.
EMIGRATION Happens when one leaves ones’s
country in order to move into another permanently.
 URBANIZATION
• Internal migration within the country is
urbanization.
• RURAL URBAN
• CAUSES OF URBANIZATION:
 Better employment opportunities
 Better living standards
 Better availability of social services
like Education, Health, Transport,
Entertainment etc
 CONCLUSION
• Health status of a community depends upon
the dynamic relationship between the number
of people, their composition and distribution.
• • Planning of health services can be guided by
demographic variables