SASTRA PADA MASA

TRANSCENDENTALISM
 TEAM-WORKER

• MOHAMAD HAMDI ALFIAN FAUZAN (1185030108)

• MUHAMAMD HENDIKA FAUZAN (1185030121)

• LISNAWATI DEWI (1185030108)

 WHAT IS TRANSCENDENTALISM

*EMERSON SAID THAT TRANCENDENTALISM IS A LITERARY MOVEMENT IN AMERICA WHICH

BELIEVES THAT THE SPIRIT OF GOD AND UNIVERSE ARE ONE SUCH AS NATURE WHILE A
REPRESENTAITION OF GOD AND THE SPIRIT OF THE INVIDUAL IS CONSIDERED IDENTICAL TO
UNIVERSE, AND THE UNIVERSE IT SELF IS DIVIDED BY THREE WHICH IS KNOWN AS THE KNOWER,
THE DOER, AND THE SAYER.
*THE PURPOSE MAY BE VARIANT SUCH AS TO UNDERSTAND SOCIETY, TO UNDERSTAND NATURE,
TO UNDERSTAND GOD, OR TO UNDERSTAND YOUR OWN SELF
• FOR THE UNIVERSE HAS THREE CHILDREN, BORN AT ONE TIME, WHICH REAPPEAR, UNDER DIFFERENT NAMES, IN EVERY
SYSTEM OF THOUGHT, WHETHER THEY BE CALLED CAUSE, OPERATION, AND EFFECT; OR, MORE POETICALLY, JOVE,
PLUTO, NEPTUNE; OR, THEOLOGICALLY, THE FATHER, THE SPIRIT, AND THE SON; BUT WHICH WE WILL CALL HERE, THE
KNOWER, THE DOER, AND THE SAYER. THESE STAND RESPECTIVELY FOR THE LOVE OF TRUTH, FOR THE LOVE OF GOOD,
AND FOR THE LOVE OF BEAUTY. THESE THREE ARE EQUAL. EACH IS THAT WHICH HE IS ESSENTIALLY, SO THAT HE
CANNOT BE SURMOUNTED OR ANALYZED, AND EACH OF THESE THREE HAS THE POWER OF THE OTHERS LATENT IN
HIM, AND HIS OWN PATENT.
• THE POET IS THE SAYER, THE NAMER, AND REPRESENTS BEAUTY. HE IS A SOVEREIGN, AND STANDS ON THE CENTRE.
FOR THE WORLD IS NOT PAINTED, OR ADORNED, BUT IS FROM THE BEGINNING BEAUTIFUL; AND GOD HAS NOT MADE
SOME BEAUTIFUL THINGS, BUT BEAUTY IS THE CREATOR OF THE UNIVERSE. THEREFORE THE POET IS NOT ANY
PERMISSIVE POTENTATE, BUT IS EMPEROR IN HIS OWN RIGHT. CRITICISM IS INFESTED WITH A CANT OF MATERIALISM,
WHICH ASSUMES THAT MANUAL SKILL AND ACTIVITY IS THE FIRST MERIT OF ALL MEN, AND DISPARAGES SUCH AS SAY
AND DO NOT, OVERLOOKING THE FACT, THAT SOME MEN, NAMELY, POETS, ARE NATURAL SAYERS, SENT INTO THE
WORLD TO THE END OF EXPRESSION, AND CONFOUNDS THEM WITH THOSE WHOSE PROVINCE IS ACTION, BUT WHO
QUIT IT TO IMITATE THE SAYERS. BUT HOMER’S WORDS ARE AS COSTLY AND ADMIRABLE TO HOMER, AS
AGAMEMNON’S VICTORIES ARE TO AGAMEMNON. THE POET DOES NOT WAIT FOR THE HERO OR THE SAGE, BUT, AS
THEY ACT AND THINK PRIMARILY, SO HE WRITES PRIMARILY WHAT WILL AND MUST BE SPOKEN, RECKONING THE
OTHERS, THOUGH PRIMARIES ALSO, YET, IN RESPECT TO HIM, SECONDARIES AND SERVANTS; AS SITTERS OR MODELS
IN THE STUDIO OF A PAINTER, OR AS ASSISTANTS WHO BRING BUILDING MATERIALS TO AN ARCHITECT.
 CHARACTERISTIC OF TRANSCENDENTALISM

• BERBENTUK ESSAY DAN JUGA PUISI

• TAFSIR YANG DIGUNAKAN ADALAH HATI/BATIN
• BERSIFAT INVIDUALIS DALAM CERITANYA
• BERHUBUNGAN ERAT DENGAN ALAM
• PERDULI TERHADAP SOSIAL/ MASYARAKAT
 FIGURE CHARACTER TRANSCENDENTALISM

Imanuel Kant Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau

Name : Ralph Waldo Emerson
Occupation: Poet, Journalist
Birth Date : May 25, 1803, Boston, Massachusetts
Death Date: April 27, 1882, Concord, Massachusetts
Education : Harvard University, Boston Public Latin
School, Harvard Divinity School
Creation : 24 in total (4 poems, 10 Essays, and
10 Collections)
“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.”
 SELF - RELIEANCE
BACK GROUND

* Self-Reliance is an 1841 essay written by American

Trancendentalist philosopher and essayist of Raph Walton
Emerson.
* It contains the most thorough statement of one of Emerson's
recurrent themes: the need for each individual to avoid conformity
and false consistency, and follow his own instincts and ideas. It is
the source of one of Emerson's most famous quotations: "A foolish
consistency is the Hoblogin of little minds, adored by little
statesmen and philosophers and divines.“
* This essay is an analysis into the nature of the “aboriginal self on
which a universal reliance may be grounded
 SELF - RELIEANCE
BACK GROUND

Theme : Invidualist
Genre : Essay, Philosophical text
Written : 1832 to 1841
Published : 1841
Symbol : Babies, Nature
Point of View: Multiple points of view, including first-person,
second-person, and third-person

*Influencing on transcendentalism in the middle of 19th Century,

such as The New England in 1836
Name : Henry David Thoreau
Date Birth : July12 1817 Concord, Masschuseets, U.S.
Date Death : May 6 1862 Concord, Masschuseets, U.S
Interest : Poem, Religious, Politic, Social.
Main Subject : History, philosophy, Biology

Rather than love, than money,

a than fame, give me truth.
 WHERE I LIVED, AND
WHAT I LIVED FOR
BACK GROUND
Walden first published as Walden, or, Life in the Woods) is
a book by transcendentalist Henry David Thorearu . The
text is a reflection upon simple living in natural
surroundings. The work is part personal declaration of
independence, Social Experiment, voyage of spiritual
discovery, satire, and to some degree a manual for self-
reliance.

“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately,

to front only the essential facts of life . . .and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.”
 WHERE I LIVED, AND
WHAT I LIVED FOR
BACK GROUND
Theme : Freedom, Living, Peace

Plot : About where he lives and what he lives for

ANY QUESTION SO FAR?
 SONG OF NATURE
MINE ARE THE NIGHT AND MORNING,
AND MANY A THOUSAND SUMMERS
THE PITS OF THE AIR, THE GULF OF SPACE
MY GARDENS RIPENED WELL
THE SPORTIVE SUN, THE GIBBOUS MOON,
AND LIGHT FROM MELIORATING STARS
THE INNURMERABLE DAYS.
WITH FIRMER GLORY FELL
TWICE I HAVE MOULDED AN IMAGE
AND THRICE OUTSTRETCHED MY HAND, AND RAY IS DIMMED, NO ATOM WORN

MADE ONE OF DAY AND ONE OF NIGHT MY OLDEST FORCE IS A GOOD AS NEW

AND ONE OF THE SALT SEA-SAND AND THE FRESH ROSE ON YONDER THORN
GIVES BACK THE BENDING HEAVENS IN DEW
• NOTE 1. THIS JOYFUL AND EMINENTLY CHARACTERISTIC POEM SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN WRITTEN BY MR. EMERSON IN 1859. HIS
BELIEF IN THE SURE ADVANCE OF LIFE THROUGH THE AGES HE HAD EXPRESSED LONG BEFORE, BUT NOW, THOUGH HIS BELIEF
NEEDED NO CONFIRMATION, THE NEW AND INTERESTING LIGHTS ON THE SUBJECT AND EXAMPLES EVERYWHERE ADDUCED
BY DARWIN AND HIS FOLLOWERS WERE INSPIRING TO HIM, AND HERE FOUND EXPRESSION

• NOTE 2. THERE ARE IN THE MANUSCRIPT VARYING EXPRESSIONS IN THE FOREGOING POEM WHICH ARE INTERESTING.
IN THE FIRST, “THE GULF OF SPACE” ORIGINALLY WAS “THE SWALLOWING SPACE.”
IN THE SECOND, THE LAST LINE RAN,— IN DEATH NEW BORN AND STRONG--- IN THE FIFTH VERSE, MR. EMERSON
HESITATED LONG, AS THE VARIOUS TRIALS SHOW, BEFORE HE CHANGED HIS LINE, -MY PPLES RIPENED WELL-, BY
SUBSTITUTING “GARDENS” FOR THE MORE LIVELY IMAGE
• NOTE 3. READERS WHO WISH NOTHING UNSOLVED ARE MUCH TROUBLED BY THIS VERSE, BUT NATURE IS NOT
STATISTICAL OR IMMEDIATELY INTELLIGIBLE. LIKE THE GODS SHE “SAYS ALL THINGS BY INDIRECTION.” WHEN THE
YOUNG KNIGHT WAS ANGERED BY MERLIN’S VAGUENESS, TENNYSON MAKES THE WISE MAN ANSWER,—“KNOW YE
NOT, THEN, THE RIDDLING OF THE BARDS?-----CONFUSION, AND ILLUSION, AND RELATION,-----ELUSION, AND
OCCASION, AND EVASION.”----NOR CAN THE EDITOR SAY WITH AUTHORITY WHO WAS MEANT IN THE THIRD LINE OF
THE NEXT VERSE. ITS VERY AMBIGUITY WAS PROBABLY INTENTIONAL AND MAKES IT HARMONIZE BETTER WITH THE
PRECEDING VERSE. IF IT POINTS TO EGYPT, SOME READERS HAVE SUGGESTED MOSES, BUT MR. EMERSON WOULD
HAVE BEEN FAR MORE LIKELY TO REFER TO ONE OF THE GREAT ALEXANDRIAN NEO-PLATONISTS.
BUT ITALY IS MORE STRICTLY