CHAPTER OUTLINE

• Introduction

• GEO-FOCUS 7.1: Asbestos: Good or Bad?

• What are the Agents of Metamorphism?

• What are the Three Types of Metamorphism?

• How are Metamorphic Rocks Classified?

• GEOLOGY IN UNEXPECTED PLACES: Starting Off with a Clean Slate

• What are Metamorphic Zones and Facies?

• How Does Plate Tectonics Affect Metamorphism?

• Metamorphism and Natural Resources

• Geo-Recap
 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
• Metamorphic rocks result from the transformation of other rocks by various
processes occurring beneath Earth’s surface.
• Heat, pressure, and fluid activity are the three agents of metamorphism.
• Contact, dynamic, and regional metamorphism are the three types of
metamorphism.
• Metamorphic rocks are typically divided into two groups, foliated and
nonfoliated, primarily on the basis of texture.
• Metamorphic rocks with a foliated texture include slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss,
and amphibolite.
• Metamorphic rocks with a nonfoliated texture include marble, quartzite,
greenstone, and hornfels.
• Metamorphic rocks can be grouped into metamorphic zones based on the
presence of index minerals that form under specific temperature and pressure
conditions.
• The successive appearance of particular metamorphic minerals indicates
increasing or decreasing metamorphic intensity.
• Metamorphism is associated with all three types of plate boundaries but is most
widespread along convergent plate boundaries.
• Many metamorphic minerals and rocks are valuable metallic ores, building
materials, and gemstones.
 Escandi
Urales
-navos

Alpes Carpatos
Rocallosas
Atlas

Nueva
Sumatra Guinea
Java

Fig. 7-1, p. 175

Fig. 7-2, p. 177
Fig. 7-2a, p. 177
Fig. 7-2b, p. 177
Fig. 7-3, p. 178
 TIPOS PRINCIPALES DE
METAMORFISMO-IMPORTANCIA
PARA PERU

Fig. adicionada por su

Asesor de curso
Fig. 7-5, p. 180
Milonita con finas
laminaciones

Fig. 7-6, p. 180

End 1st Summary
Fig. 7-7, p. 181
Fig. 7-8, p. 182
Fig. 7-8a, p. 182
Fig. 7-8b, p. 182
Table 7-1, p. 182
Fig. 7-9a, p. 183
Fig. 7-9b, p. 183
Fig. 7-9c, p. 183
Filita

Fig. 7-10, p. 183

Esquisto con granate y mica

Fig. 7-11a, p. 183

Esquisto con Horblenda, mica y granate

Fig. 7-11b, p. 183

Figure 1, p. 184
Fig. 7-12, p. 185
Migmatita de alto grado con vetas de granito
Fig. 7-13, p. 185
Fig. 7-14, p. 186
Fig. 7-15, p. 186
Fig. 7-16, p. 187
1- DIFERENCIE LOS 2 TIPOS O CONJUNTOS DE ROCAS
2- EN LA BASE O ZONA DERECHA ES EL GNEISS DEL PRECAMBRICO
3- EN LA IZQUIERDA O ZONA SUPERIOR SON CONGLOMERADOS DEL
MESOZOICO
4- QUE PROBLEMA GEOLOGICO DEDUCE UD._? O NO HAY PROBLEMA?
Concept Art, p. 188
Concept Art, p. 189
Fig. 7-17, p. 190
Fig. 7-18, p. 190
Fig. 7-19, p. 191
Table 7-2, p. 192
 CHAPTER SUMMARY

• Metamorphic rocks result from the transformation of other rocks, usually

beneath Earth’s surface, as a consequence of one or a combination of three
agents: heat, pressure, and fluid activity.

• Heat for metamorphism comes from intrusive magmas, extrusive lava flows, or
deep burial. Pressure is either lithostatic or differential. Fluids trapped in
sedimentary rocks or emanating from intruding magmas can enhance chemical
changes and the formation of new minerals.

• The three major types of metamorphism are contact, dynamic, and regional.

• Index minerals-minerals that form only within specific temperature and pressure
ranges-allow geologists to recognize low-, intermediate-, and high-grade
metamorphic zones.

• Metamorphic rocks are primarily classified according to their texture. In a

foliated texture, platy and elongate minerals have a preferred orientation. A
nonfoliated texture does not exhibit any discernable preferred orientation of the
mineral grains.
 CHAPTER SUMMARY
• Foliated metamorphic rocks can be arranged in order of grain size and/or
perfection of their foliation. Slate is fine grained, followed by (in coatser-
grained order) phyllite and schist; gneiss displays segregated bands of
minerals. Amphibolite is another fairly common foliated metamorphic rock.

• Marble, quartzite, greenstone, and hornfels are common nonfoliated

metamorphic rocks.

• Metamorphic zones are based on index minerals and are areas of equal
metamorphic intensity. Metamorphic facies are characterized by particular
assemblages of minerals that formed under specific metamorphic conditions.
These facies are named for a characteristic constituent mineral of rock type.

• Metamorphism occurs along all three kinds of plate boundaries but most
commonly at convergent plate margins.

• Metamorphic rocks formed near Earth’s surface along an oceanic-continental

convergent plate boundary result from low-temperature, high-pressure
conditions. As a subducted oceanic plate descends, it is subjected to
increasingly higher temperatures and pressures that result in higher-grade
metamorphism.

• Many metamorphic rocks and minerals, such as marble, slate, graphite, talc,
and asbestos, are valuable natural resources.